Uhlolojikelele
I-Voltmeter iyithuluzi lokulinganisa i-voltage, i-voltmeter evame ukusetshenziswa - voltmeter.Uphawu: V, kukhona uzibuthe ongunaphakade ku-galvanometer ezwelayo, ikhoyili eyakhiwe ngezintambo ixhunywe ochungechungeni phakathi kwamatheminali amabili e-galvanometer, ikhoyili ibekwe endaweni kazibuthe kazibuthe unomphela, futhi ixhunywe ku-pointer. wewashi ngomshini wokudlulisela .Ama-voltmeter amaningi ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili.I-voltmeter inamatheminali amathathu, itheminali eyodwa enegethivu kanye namatheminali amabili avumayo.I-terminal enhle ye-voltmeter ixhunywe ku-terminal enhle yesifunda, futhi i-terminal negative ixhunywe ku-terminal engalungile yesifunda.I-voltmeter kufanele ixhunywe ngokuhambisana nesisetshenziswa sikagesi esingaphansi kokuhlolwa.I-voltmeter iyi-resistor enkulu ngokwanele, ebhekwa njengesekethe evulekile.Ibanga le-voltmeter elivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokucwaninga zesikole samabanga aphakeme i-0~3V kanye no-0~15V.
Wisimiso se-orking
Ama-voltmeter esikhombi sendabuko nama-ammeter asekelwe kumgomo ongumphumela kazibuthe wamanje.Okukhulu kwamanje, kukhulu amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwayo, okubonisa ukushwibeka kwe-pointer ku-voltmeter.Kukhona uzibuthe kanye nekhoyili yocingo ku-voltmeter.Ngemva kokudlulisa lamanje, ikhoyili izokhiqiza insimu kazibuthe.Ngemva kokuba ikhoyili inikwe amandla Ukuchezuka kuzokwenzeka ngaphansi kwesenzo sikazibuthe, okuyingxenye yekhanda ye-ammeter kanye ne-voltmeter.
Njengoba i-voltmeter idinga ukuxhunywa ngokuhambisana nokumelana okulinganiselwe, uma i-ammeter ebucayi isetshenziswa ngokuqondile njenge-voltmeter, okwamanje kumitha izoba nkulu kakhulu futhi imitha izoshisa.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukumelana okukhulu kudinga ukuxhunywa ochungechungeni nesifunda sangaphakathi se-voltmeter., Ngemva kwalolu shintsho, lapho i-voltmeter ixhunywe ngokuhambisana kumjikelezo, iningi lamandla kagesi asetshenziswa kuzo zombili iziphetho zemitha yabelwa yilolu chungechunge lokumelana ngenxa yomsebenzi wokumelana, ngakho-ke ukudlula kwamanje kumitha empeleni. incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile.
Uphawu lwe-voltmeter ye-DC kufanele lwengeze okuthi “_” ngaphansi kuka-V, futhi uphawu lwe-voltmeter ye-AC kufanele lwengeze umugqa we-wavy “~” ngaphansi kuka-V.
Aisicelo
Isetshenziselwa ukukala inani le-voltage kuyo yonke isekethe noma into kagesi.
Ukwahlukanisa
Imitha ekhombisa imishini yokulinganisa i-DC voltage kanye ne-AC voltage.Ihlukaniswe yaba i-DC voltmeter kanye ne-AC voltmeter.
Uhlobo lwe-DC ikakhulukazi lwamukela indlela yokulinganisa yemitha ye-magnetoelectricity kanye nemitha ye-electrostatic.
Uhlobo lwe-AC lusebenzisa ngokuyinhloko indlela yokulinganisa yemitha kagesi yohlobo lokulungisa kabusha, imitha kagesi yohlobo lukagesi, imitha kagesi yohlobo lukagesi kanye imitha kagesi yohlobo lwe-electrostatic.
I-digital voltmeter iyithuluzi eliguqula inani likagesi elilinganisiwe libe ifomu ledijithali eline-analog-to-digital converter futhi livezwa ngendlela yedijithali.Uma i-voltage ingavamile ngenxa yezizathu ezinjengombani, sebenzisa isifunda sangaphandle esibamba umsindo njengesihlungi selayini yamandla noma isixhasi esingalayini.
Umhlahlandlela wokukhetha
Indlela yokulinganisa ye-ammeter ne-voltmeter ngokuyisisekelo iyafana, kodwa ukuxhumana kumjikelezo wokulinganisa kuhlukile.Ngakho-ke, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe lapho ukhetha futhi usebenzisa ama-ammeters nama-voltmeters.
⒈ Uhlobo lokukhetha.Uma kulinganiswa kuyi-DC, imitha ye-DC kufanele ikhethwe, okungukuthi, imitha yomshini wokulinganisa we-magnetoelectric system.Lapho i-AC elinganisiwe, kufanele inake i-waveform yayo nemvamisa.Uma kuyi-sine wave, ingaguqulelwa kwamanye amanani (njengevelu ephezulu, inani elimaphakathi, njll.) kuphela ngokulinganisa inani elisebenzayo, futhi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemitha ye-AC lungasetshenziswa;uma kuyigagasi elingelona i-sine, kufanele lihlukanise lokho okudingeka kulinganiswe Ngevelu ye-rms, ithuluzi lesistimu kazibuthe noma isistimu kagesi ye-ferromagnetic ingakhethwa, futhi inani elimaphakathi lethuluzi lesistimu yokulungisa kabusha lingakhethwa. kukhethiwe.Ithuluzi lomshini wokulinganisa wesistimu kagesi livame ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okunembile kwamandla ashintshayo kanye ne-voltage.
⒉ Ukukhetha ukunemba.Lapho ithuluzi liphezulu ukunemba, intengo ibiza kakhulu futhi kuba nzima kakhulu ukulilungisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ezinye izimo zingafaniswa kahle, ithuluzi elineleveli ephezulu yokunemba lingase lingakwazi ukuthola imiphumela yokulinganisa enembile.Ngakho-ke, esimweni sokukhetha ithuluzi elinokunemba okuphansi ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zokulinganisa, ungakhethi ithuluzi elinokunemba okuphezulu.Ngokuvamile amamitha angu-0.1 no-0.2 asetshenziswa njengamamitha ajwayelekile;Amamitha angu-0.5 no-1.0 asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ilabhorethri;amathuluzi angaphansi kuka-1.5 ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ubunjiniyela.
⒊ Ukukhetha ibanga.Ukuze unikeze ukudlala okuphelele endimeni yokunemba kwensimbi, kuyadingeka futhi ukukhetha ngokunengqondo umkhawulo wensimbi ngokuya ngosayizi wevelu elinganisiwe.Uma ukukhetha kungalungile, iphutha lokulinganisa lizoba likhulu kakhulu.Ngokuvamile, inkomba yethuluzi elizolinganiswa inkulu kuno-1/2~2/3 wobubanzi obukhulu bethuluzi, kodwa ayikwazi ukudlula ububanzi bayo obukhulu.
⒋ Ukukhetha ukumelana kwangaphakathi.Lapho ukhetha imitha, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwemitha kufanele futhi kukhethwe ngokusho kobukhulu be-impedance elinganisiwe, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoletha iphutha elikhulu lokulinganisa.Ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bokumelana kwangaphakathi bubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemitha ngokwayo, lapho kulinganiswa okwamanje, i-ammeter enokumelana okuncane kakhulu kwangaphakathi kufanele isetshenziswe;lapho ukala i-voltage, i-voltmeter enokumelana okukhulu kwangaphakathi kufanele isetshenziswe.
Mukulungiswa
1. Landela ngokuqinile izimfuneko zebhukwana, futhi uligcine futhi ulisebenzise phakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lokushisa, umswakama, uthuli, ukudlidliza, inkambu kazibuthe kagesi nezinye izimo.
2. Ithuluzi eligcinwe isikhathi eside kufanele lihlolwe njalo futhi umswakama kufanele ususwe.
3. Izinsimbi ezisetshenziswe isikhathi eside kufanele zibe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okudingekayo nokulungiswa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokulinganisa zikagesi.
4. Ungawuqaqi futhi ulungise ithuluzi ngokuthanda kwakho, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuzwela nokunemba kwalo kuzothinteka.
5. Ngamathuluzi anamabhethri afakwe kumitha, naka ukuhlola ukuphuma kwebhethri, futhi ubeke esikhundleni sawo ngesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukuchichima kwe-electrolyte yebhethri nokugqwala kwezingxenye.Ngemitha engeke isetshenziswe isikhathi eside, ibhethri elikwimitha kufanele likhishwe.
Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa
(1) Lapho ukala, i-voltmeter kufanele ixhunywe ngokuhambisana nesifunda esingaphansi kokuhlolwa.
(2) Njengoba i-voltmeter ixhunywe ngokuhambisana nomthwalo, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-Rv kuyadingeka ukuba kube kukhulu kakhulu kunokumelana nomthwalo we-RL.
(3) Lapho ukala i-DC, qala ngokuxhuma inkinobho ethi “-” ye-voltmeter ekugcineni okungaba khona okuphansi kwesekhethi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa, bese uxhuma inkinobho yokugcina ethi “+” ekugcineni okungaba khona okuphezulu kwesekethe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa.
(4) Nge-voltmeter yamanani amaningi, lapho umkhawulo wobuningi udinga ukushintshwa, i-voltmeter kufanele inqanyulwe kusekethe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokushintsha umkhawulo wobuningi.
Troubleshooting
Isimiso sokusebenza se-digital voltmeter siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi sinezinhlobo eziningi, kodwa ama-voltmeters edijithali avame ukusetshenziswa (okuhlanganisa ama-multimeters edijithali) angahlukaniswa ngokuyisisekelo ama-voltmeters edijithali e-DC anekhodi ye-ramp A/D converters kanye nokuqhathanisa okulandelanayo.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-voltmeters edijithali e-DC afakwe ngekhodi yeziguquli ze-A/D.Ngokuvamile, kunezinqubo zokulondoloza ezilandelayo.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ngaphambi kokubuyekeza
Lokhu ikakhulukazi "ngokulungiswa kweqanda" kanye "nokulinganisa amandla kagesi" komshini ngemva kokuba ukuqalisa kushiswe kusengaphambili ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi umsebenzi onengqondo we-voltmeter yedijithali ujwayelekile yini.
Uma i-polarity ka-“+” kanye no-“-” ingashintshwa ngesikhathi “sokulungiswa kuka-zero”, noma lapho ama-voltages ka-“+” kanye no-“-” elinganiswa, izinombolo ezibonisiwe kuphela ezingalungile, ngisho nezinombolo zamandla kagesi eziboniswa yinoma iyiphi enye indlela. kokubili zilungile., okubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-logic jikelele we-voltmeter yedijithali uvamile.
Ngokuphambene, uma ukulungiswa kweqanda kungenakwenzeka noma kungekho isibonisi sedijithali se-voltage, kubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi onengqondo womshini wonke awuvamile.
2. Linganisa i-voltage yokuhlinzeka
I-voltage ephumayo engalungile noma engazinzile ye-DC ehlukahlukene elawulwayo kagesi ngaphakathi kwe-voltmeter yedijithali, kanye nama-zener diode (2DW7B, 2DW7C, njll.) asetshenziswa njengomthombo “wereferensi kagesi” awanawo okukhiphayo okulawulwayo, okuholela emsebenzini onengqondo. i-voltmeter yedijithali.Enye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuphazamiseka.Ngakho-ke, lapho uqala ukulungisa iphutha, kufanele uqale uhlole ukuthi imiphumela ehlukahlukene ye-DC voltage esizinzile kanye nemithombo ye-voltage eyireferensi ngaphakathi kwe-digital voltmeter inembile futhi izinzile.Uma inkinga itholakala futhi ilungiswa, iphutha lingasuswa kaningi futhi umsebenzi we-logic we-voltmeter yedijithali ungabuyiselwa esimweni esivamile.
3. Idivayisi eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo
Amadivayisi aguquguquka kancane kumasekhethi angaphakathi ama-voltmeters edijithali, afana nama-rheostats “reference reference” okusika umthombo, ama-rheostats ahlukanisayo we-amplifier anciphisa ama-rheostats, kanye nama-transistor alawulwayo alawula amandla kagesi anamandla alawula amandla kagesi, njll., ngenxa yokuthi amatheminali ashelelayo alawa ma-semi- amadivaysi alungisekayo awathintani kahle, noma Ukumelana Kwawo nenxeba lezintambo kuba buthakathaka, futhi inani lokubonisa le-voltmeter yedijithali ngokuvamile alinembile, alizinzile, futhi alikwazi ukulinganiswa.Kwesinye isikhathi uguquko oluncane kudivayisi ehambisanayo eguquguquka kancane lungaqeda inkinga yokungathintani kahle futhi lubuyisele i-voltmeter yedijithali kokujwayelekile.
Kumele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngenxa ye-oscillation ye-parasitic ye-transistor elawulwa amandla kagesi ngokwayo, ngokuvamile ibangela i-voltmeter yedijithali ukuthi ibonise into yokuhluleka engazinzile.Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwesimo sokungathinti umsebenzi onengqondo womshini wonke, i-voltage elawula i-potentiometer nayo ingashintshwa kancane ukuze kuqedwe i-oscillation ye-parasitic.
4. Qaphela ukusebenza kwamagagasi
Nge-voltmeter yedijithali enephutha, sebenzisa i-oscilloscope ye-elekthronikhi efanelekile ukuze ubuke ukuphuma kwe-waveform yesiginali ngesihlanganisi, ukuphuma kwesignali ye-waveform ngejeneretha yokushaya kwewashi, i-waveform esebenzayo yesekethe yesinyathelo esiyiringi kanye ne-ripple voltage waveform yokuphakelwa kwamandla okulawulwayo. , njll. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukuthola indawo yephutha nokuhlaziya imbangela yephutha.
5. Isimiso sesifunda sokufunda
Uma kungekho nkinga etholakala ngezinqubo zokulungisa ezingenhla, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokufunda isimiso sesifunda se-voltmeter yedijithali, okungukuthi, ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza kanye nobudlelwano obunengqondo besifunda ngasinye sengxenye, ukuze kuhlaziywe izingxenye zesekethe ezingase zibe khona. dala amaphutha, futhi uhlele ukuhlola Uhlelo lokuhlola imbangela yokwehluleka.
6. Yakha uhlelo lokuhlola
I-voltmeter yedijithali iyithuluzi lokulinganisa le-elekthronikhi elinembayo elinesakhiwo sesekethe esiyinkimbinkimbi nemisebenzi enengqondo.Ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo socwaningo olunzulu lwesimiso sokusebenza kwawo wonke umshini, uhlelo lokuhlola lungadwetshwa ngokuvumelana nokuhlaziywa kokuqala kwezimbangela ezingase zehluleke ukuze kutholwe ngempumelelo indawo yephutha futhi kutholwe inani elonakele neliguquguqukayo. amadivaysi, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokulungisa ithuluzi.
7. Hlola futhi ubuyekeze idivayisi
Kunamadivayisi amaningi asetshenziswa kumjikelezo we-voltmeter yedijithali, phakathi kwawo i-Zener njengomthombo wamandla wereferensi, okungukuthi, i-Zener diode ejwayelekile, efana ne-2DW7B, 2DW7C, njll., isikhulisi sereferensi kanye ne-amplifier edidiyelwe yokusebenza I-integrator circuit, i-trigger yesinyathelo sendandatho Ama-diode ashintshayo kumjikelezo, kanye namabhulokhi ahlanganisiwe noma ama-transistors ashintshayo kumjikelezo we-bistable obhalisiwe, avame ukonakala futhi ashintshwe inani.Ngakho-ke, umshini okukhulunywa ngawo kufanele uhlolwe, futhi umshini ongakwazi ukuhlolwa noma oke wahlolwa kodwa osenezinkinga kufanele uvuselelwe ukuze iphutha liqedwe ngokushesha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-26-2022