Nakuba izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi namamitha ezwe lami belilokhu likhula, bekulokhu kunezinkinga ezifana nocwaningo oluyisisekelo olubuthaka, ukwethembeka okuphansi komkhiqizo nokuzinza, kanye nemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi.Amathuluzi asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile sekuyisikhathi eside zincike ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.imikhiqizo yamathuluzi yezwe lami ibilokhu isesimweni sokushoda kwezohwebo ngaphandle nokuthekelisa, kanye nokushoda kwamadola aseMelika angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-15.Ngo-2018 nango-2019, okushodayo kudlule ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 iminyaka emibili ilandelana, okungenye yezimboni ezishoda kakhulu embonini yokukhiqiza imishini.
Ngenkathi imboni ithuthuka, kufanele futhi sizazi kahle izinselelo ezintsha esibhekene nazo.
Okokuqala, izinkomba zobuchwepheshe, imingcele yokusebenza nezinye izinkomba zamathuluzi asekhaya ngokuvamile ziphansi kunemikhiqizo efanayo yangaphandle.Nakuba ezinye izinkomba zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko zeminye imikhiqizo zingafinyelela noma zisondele ezinkomba zamathuluzi angaphandle, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwekhono lamabhizinisi asekhaya lokukwazi ukwenza kahle ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nenqubo yemikhiqizo, abakakwazi noma baqonde ngokugcwele inani elikhulu lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obubalulekile amathuluzi namamitha.Amandla okwenza izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe obungenisiwe aliqinile, futhi ngokuvamile kunemikhiqizo engaphansi kwemikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe yangaphandle efanayo ngokwezinkomba zobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza.
Okwesibili, ukusebenza nezinga lezingxenye ezisebenzayo kanye nezinsiza zamathuluzi esayensi asekhaya angemuva kakhulu kwalawo emikhiqizo yangaphandle.Isisekelo sokunemba kwemishini kanye nemikhiqizo yezingxenye ezweni lami asinamandla, futhi amandla okusekela akhethekile embonini yezinsimbi ayanele, okuholela ezingeni eliphansi lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi yezingxenye zokusebenza nezinsiza zomkhiqizo, okuthinta ubuchwepheshe buphelele. umphumela kanye nekhono lokutholwa kwezinsimbi.
Okwesithathu, ukwethembeka nokuzinza kwezinsimbi zasekhaya namamitha kuvelele.Amabhizinisi asekhaya awanabo ubuchwephesha obanele bemikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu, ukuncintisana kwezimakethe zamanani aphansi kwenza amabhizinisi anganele ukutshala imali ezindlekweni zomkhiqizo, nezinga lobuchwepheshe nesisekelo semboni simpofu, ukuze ezinye izinsimbi zasekhaya eziye zakhiqizwa iminyaka eminingi. azithembekile futhi azinzile njengemikhiqizo yangaphandle efanayo.Yenza abasebenzisi bangazethembi kakhulu amathuluzi asekhaya.
Okwesine, izinga lobuhlakani be-instrumentation aliphezulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo akukuhle.Ngokuthuthukiswa kokwaziswa, ukuzenzekelayo, ubuhlakani kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi kuyizimo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamathuluzi amanje, futhi kuyindlela enhle yokunciphisa amaphutha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba, nokwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza.Amabhizinisi asekhaya awanakho ukuqonda okujulile kokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo, abanalo ucwaningo olwanele mayelana nezicelo zabasebenzisi, futhi banokushoda kwezinsiza ezisebenzayo zomkhiqizo, isofthiwe yohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwezicelo.Okungalungile, okuthinta ukuthandwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zasekhaya.
Ngokwalokhu kuhlaziya okungenhla, akunzima ukubona ukuthi izinkinga zokuzinza, ukwethembeka nokusebenza kwezindleko zivelele uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi lokhu kuyinkinga evamile embonini yokukhiqiza imishini yezwe lami.Nakuba izinkampani eziningi zitshale imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, zethula imishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe, futhi zaqinisa nokuphatha okuyisisekelo, izinga elithambile nelikhaliphile lalo lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqiza lisadinga ukuthuthukiswa.Ukuzinza, ukwethembeka, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kwemikhiqizo eminingi kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yangaphandle.Igebe lisasobala.
Amathuba abhekene nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezinsimbi wezwe lami
Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kanye nokuguquguquka okusempumalanga kwesikhungo somnotho womhlaba, lapho sibhekene nesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesishintshashintshayo ngo-2020, ikakhulukazi umthelela oqhubekayo wenoveli yomhlaba wonke yobhubhane lwenyumoniya i-coronavirus, ukungaqiniseki okuhlukahlukene kungase kuvele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsimbi zami. izwe.Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuthi kuthinteke kakhulu.Njengoba izwe lami lizoqinisa ukwakhiwa kokujikeleza kwangaphakathi, isidingo sasekhaya sizoba yimbangela eyinhloko yokuthuthukisa imboni yezinsimbi, futhi ingqalasizinda entsha izophinde ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezinsimbi.
● Ingqalasizinda entsha yokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bezinsimbi
Kusukela ngoMashi 2020, umbuso ukukhuthaze ngamandla ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda entsha.Ingqalasizinda entsha iqondiswa imiqondo emisha yentuthuko, eqhutshwa ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, futhi isekelwe kumanethiwekhi olwazi.Iwuhlelo lwengqalasizinda oluhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezifana noguquko lwedijithali, ukuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile, kanye nokusungula okuhlanganisiwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu.Ingqalasizinda entsha ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi ingqalasizinda ye-5G, i-UHV, ujantshi wesitimela ohamba ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nomzila wesitimela ophakathi nendawo, inqwaba yokushaja izimoto zamandla, isikhungo esikhulu sedatha, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-inthanethi yezimboni kanye neminye imikhakha emikhulu eyisikhombisa, ebandakanya ukuxhumana, ugesi, ezokuthutha, idijithali kanye njalonjalo.Imboni eyisihluthulelo sokuziphilisa kwabantu.
Amathuluzi kanye nezingxenye zawo eziyinhloko zisebenza njengesiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuhlolwa kokuxhumana, ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwemishini, ukuqonda okuhlakaniphile nokutholwa kwedatha enkulu, futhi kuzokhuthaza imboni yezinsimbi ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo emisha, ukwenza izidingo zokuhlola, izindlela zokwethenjwa, ukudluliswa kokuxhumana, izidingo zokuphepha, njll. Ucwaningo oluyisisekelo olujwayelekile lobuchwepheshe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda entsha.
●Isidingo esisha sidala imboni entsha yezinsimbi
Umzuliswano omusha woguquko lwezimboni ogxile kwezobuchwepheshe bolwazi ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kolwazi nezokuxhumana, i-inthanethi ephathwayo kanye nezinye izimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nezokukhiqiza.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukugqugquzelwa okunamandla kwezwe lami kokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile, amadolobha ahlakaniphile, ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, nezakhiwo ezihlakaniphile kuzogqugquzela ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kwezinsimbi nolwazi lobuchwepheshe.ukukhuthaza ngempumelelo ukulungiswa, ukuguqulwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kohlaka lwemboni,
Sebenzisa ngokugcwele izimo ezikhona kanye nesisekelo semboni ukusheshisa imboni yemikhiqizo ehlakaniphile edingekayo ukuze uthole izikhombisi-ndlela ezibalulekile ezifana nokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile, izimboni ezihlakaniphile (idijithali) (ama-workshops), namadolobha ahlakaniphile (amanzi ahlakaniphile, igesi ehlakaniphile, ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuhlakaniphile, njll.).Ijubane lezimboni kanye namakhono okuhlanganiswa kwesistimu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezintsha, futhi kancane kancane kuguqule ukuthuthukiswa okungalinganiseli kwemboni yezinqubo ezishintshayo kanye ne-automation yezimboni ehlukene, izinzwa zemboni yezinqubo nezinzwa ezihlukene zezimboni, amathuluzi aselabhorethri namathuluzi esayensi aku-inthanethi.
● Ukushintshwa kwasekhaya kuletha ukuthuthukiswa okusha kwezinsimbi
Isikhathi eside, amathuluzi namamitha asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezibalulekile ezifana nezimboni zamandla enuzi, amandla, kanye ne-petrochemical ezweni lami ikakhulukazi yimikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe.Imikhiqizo yasekhaya ikakhulukazi yimikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi, futhi ukwethembeka nokuzinza kwemikhiqizo kubi.Yize izwe lami beliqhakambisa ukwenziwa kwasendaweni, aliqinile ngokwanele.
Ngesimo samanje sezombangazwe samazwe ngamazwe, izingxabano zezohwebo zeSino-US kanye nokuvela kwesakhiwo somnotho wezwe, ukuthatha ukuphepha, ukuzimela kanye nokulawulwa kwezimboni ezibalulekile zikazwelonke kanye nokwakhiwa kwezokuvikela kazwelonke njengethuba, izwe lami likhuthaza inqubo yokuzimela. yemikhiqizo esemqoka kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo, futhi ilwela ngokuyisisekelo ukwakha amandla amakhulu kazwelonke okusekela Okuyisisekelo wezinhlelo zokulawula ezizenzakalelayo namathuluzi okuhlola ukunemba kumaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela, izindawo eziyinhloko zokufaka izicelo, kanye namandla okusekela ayisisekelo amasistimu okulawula okuzenzakalelayo namathuluzi okuhlola ukunemba adingwa amaphrojekthi amakhulu esayensi nezobuchwepheshe.
Ngokombono wokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kolwazi, ukushintshwa kwendawo sekuphenduke inkambiso evamile, okuzonikeza amathuluzi asekhaya namamitha amathuba emakethe engeziwe, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo emihle yamabhizinisi “akhethekile, acwengisisiwe, akhethekile, namasha” kumathuluzi asekhaya namamitha izoba ukwazi ukusebenzisa ithuba., ingenise umjikelezo wentuthuko "Dongfeng".
Selokhu kwasungulwa i-New China, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsimbi zezwe lami kuye kwabhekana nokusungulwa kohlelo lwezimboni zezinsimbi kusukela ekuqaleni, ukukhula kanye nesikhathi sokunwetshwa kusukela ekubeni khona kuya ekupheleleni, isikhathi sokukhula ngokushesha ukusuka ekupheleleni kuya ebukhulu, kanye nenkathi entsha evamile enkulu kuya eqinile., iqale indlela yokukhula isuka ekulingiseni iye ekuziklameni, kusukela ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe kuya ekugayeni ukudla kanye nokumuncwa, kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni okuhlanganyelwe kuya ekuvuleni ngokugcwele, futhi kusukela emakethe yasekhaya kuya emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imishini yezimboni ezinkulu kazwelonke nokulawulwa kwezimboni, noma isilinganiso sokuphepha kokudla namanzi nogesi esihilela ukuphila kwabantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi esokufundisa nokucwaninga kwesayensi, noma ezokuvikela kuzwelonke nezempi, akhona amathuluzi namamitha athuthukiswe ngokuzimele yizwe lami.
Njengamanje, imboni yezinsimbi zezwe lami isencane kakhulu, futhi indlela eya entuthukweni iseyinde kakhulu.Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imakethe yasekhaya inesidingo esinamandla sezinsimbi namamitha, futhi izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ziyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza imboni yokukhiqiza yaseShayina ukuthi ifinyelele ukuzidalela kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ezizimele.Kodwa-ke, kusenegebe elikhulu phakathi kwezinga eliphelele lamathuluzi asekhaya kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bamazwe ngamazwe, futhi isimo esibuthakathaka sisobala, futhi imboni idinga ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa ngokushesha.
Njengamanje, kusukela kohulumeni basekhaya kuya kohulumeni basekhaya, ohulumeni kuwo wonke amazinga babheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamathuluzi namamitha, badlala ngokugcwele izinzuzo zenqubomgomo kanye nokuqondiswa kwezimali, futhi benze izimo zokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi asekhaya.Sikholelwa ukuthi ngokusekelwa inqubomgomo yohulumeni kuwo wonke amazinga, ukuqonda nokwethenjwa kwamathuluzi asekhaya namamitha avela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila, kanye nokuzikhandla kwabakhiqizi abaningi bamathuluzi namamitha, amathuluzi asekhaya azokwenza ngokuvumelana nalokho okulindelwe maduzane. ikusasa futhi senze izwe lethu libe isayensi nobuchwepheshe bomhlaba.Izwe eliqinile lakha isisekelo esiqinile futhi lenza imisebenzi emisha nebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yezwe lami yesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwakhiwa komnotho wezwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-21-2022