Ukwethulwa kwe-ammeter

Uhlolojikelele

I-ammeter iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukukala amandla amanje kumasekhethi e-AC ne-DC.Emdwebeni wesifunda, uphawu lwe-ammeter "umbuthano A".Amanani amanje aku-“amps” noma “A” njengamayunithi ajwayelekile.

I-ammeter yenziwa ngokulandela isenzo somqhubi ophethe njengamanje endaweni kazibuthe ngamandla we-magnetic field.Kukhona uzibuthe unomphela ngaphakathi kwe-ammeter, okhiqiza insimu kazibuthe phakathi kwezigxobo.Kukhona ikhoyili endaweni kazibuthe.Kukhona isiphethu sezinwele ekugcineni kwekhoyili.Intwasahlobo ngayinye ixhunywe endaweni yokugcina ye-ammeter.I-shaft ejikelezayo ixhunywe phakathi kwentwasahlobo kanye nekhoyili.Ngaphambili kwe-ammeter, kune-pointer.Uma kukhona okudlulayo kwamanje, owamanje udlula endaweni kazibuthe eduze kwentwasahlobo kanye nomphini ojikelezayo, futhi owamanje unqamula umugqa wensimu kazibuthe, ngakho ikhoyili ichezukiswa amandla okusebenza kazibuthe, ashayela i-shaft ejikelezayo. kanye nesikhombi ukuchezuka.Njengoba ubukhulu bamandla kazibuthe bukhula ngokukhula kwamandla amanje, ubukhulu bamanje bungabonwa ngokuchezuka kwesikhombi.Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-magnetoelectric ammeter, okuwuhlobo esivame ukulusebenzisa elabhorethri.Esikhathini sesikole samabanga aphezulu, ububanzi be-ammeter esetshenziswayo ngokuvamile bungu-0~0.6A kanye no-0~3A.

isimiso sokusebenza

I-ammeter yenziwa ngokulandela isenzo somqhubi ophethe njengamanje endaweni kazibuthe ngamandla we-magnetic field.Kukhona uzibuthe unomphela ngaphakathi kwe-ammeter, okhiqiza insimu kazibuthe phakathi kwezigxobo.Kukhona ikhoyili endaweni kazibuthe.Kukhona isiphethu sezinwele ekugcineni kwekhoyili.Intwasahlobo ngayinye ixhunywe endaweni yokugcina ye-ammeter.I-shaft ejikelezayo ixhunywe phakathi kwentwasahlobo kanye nekhoyili.Ngaphambili kwe-ammeter, kune-pointer.Ukuchezuka kwesikhombi.Njengoba ubukhulu bamandla kazibuthe bukhula ngokukhula kwamandla amanje, ubukhulu bamanje bungabonwa ngokuchezuka kwesikhombi.Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-magnetoelectric ammeter, okuwuhlobo esivame ukulusebenzisa elabhorethri.

Ngokuvamile, ama-currents we-oda lama-microamp noma ama-milliamp angalinganiswa ngokuqondile.Ukuze ulinganise amaza amakhulu, i-ammeter kufanele ibe ne-parallel resistor (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-shunt).Indlela yokulinganisa yemitha ye-magnetoelectric isetshenziswa kakhulu.Lapho inani lokumelana le-shunt liwukwenza ukudlula okugcwele kwamanje, i-ammeter ihlanekezelwe ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, inkomba ye-ammeter ifinyelela phezulu.Ukuze uthole imisinga yama-amps ambalwa, ama-shunts akhethekile angasethwa ku-ammeter.Kuma-currents angaphezu kwama-amps amaningana, kusetshenziswa i-shunt yangaphandle.Inani lokumelana le-shunt ephezulu yamanje lincane kakhulu.Ukuze ugweme amaphutha abangelwa ukwengezwa kokumelana nokuhola kanye nokumelana nokuxhumana ku-shunt, i-shunt kufanele yenziwe ibe ifomu le-terminal emine, okungukuthi, kukhona amatheminali amabili amanje kanye namatheminali amabili we-voltage.Isibonelo, uma i-shunt yangaphandle ne-millivoltmeter kusetshenziswa ukukala i-current enkulu engu-200A, uma ububanzi obujwayelekile be-millivoltmeter esetshenzisiwe bungu-45mV (noma 75mV), khona-ke inani lokumelana le-shunt ngu-0.045/200=0.000225Ω (noma 0.075/200=0.000375Ω).Uma kusetshenziswa indandatho (noma isinyathelo) shunt, i-ammeter ye-multi-range ingenziwa.

Aisicelo

Ama-ammeter asetshenziselwa ukukala amanani amanje kumasekhethi e-AC ne-DC.

1. I-ammeter yohlobo lwekhoyili ezungezayo: ifakwe i-shunt yokunciphisa ukuzwela, ingasetshenziswa kuphela ku-DC, kodwa isilungisisi singasetshenziswa naku-AC.

2. I-ammeter yeshidi lensimbi ezungezayo: Lapho ukulinganisa kwamanje kugeleza kukhoyili engashintshi, kukhiqizwa inkambu kazibuthe, futhi ishidi lensimbi elithambile lizungeza endaweni kazibuthe ekhiqiziwe, engasetshenziswa ukuhlola i-AC noma i-DC, ehlala isikhathi eside, kodwa ayilungile njengama-ammeter ekhoyili ajikelezayo Iyazwela.

3. I-ammeter ye-Thermocouple: Ingasetshenziswa futhi ku-AC noma i-DC, futhi kukhona ukumelana kuyo.Lapho ukugeleza kwamanje, ukushisa kwe-resistor kuphakama, i-resistor ixhumene ne-thermocouple, futhi i-thermocouple ixhunywe imitha, ngaleyo ndlela yakha uhlobo lwe-thermocouple i-Ammeter, le mitha engaqondile isetshenziselwa ukukala imvamisa ephezulu eshintshashintshayo yamanje.

4. I-ammeter yocingo olushisayo: Uma isetshenziswa, qinisa izinhlangothi zombili zocingo, intambo iyashisisa, futhi isandiso sayo senza iphoyinti lijikeleze esikalini.

Ukwahlukanisa

Ngokwemvelo yamanje elinganisiwe: I-ammeter ye-DC, i-ammeter ye-AC, i-AC ne-DC imitha yezinhloso ezimbili;

Ngokusho kwesimiso sokusebenza: i-ammeter ye-magnetoelectric, i-electromagnetic ammeter, i-ammeter kagesi;

Ngokwebanga lokulinganisa: i-milliampere, i-microampere, i-ammeter.

Umhlahlandlela wokukhetha

Indlela yokulinganisa ye-ammeter ne-voltmeter ngokuyisisekelo iyafana, kodwa ukuxhumana kumjikelezo wokulinganisa kuhlukile.Ngakho-ke, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe lapho ukhetha futhi usebenzisa ama-ammeters nama-voltmeters.

⒈ Uhlobo lokukhetha.Uma kulinganiswa kuyi-DC, imitha ye-DC kufanele ikhethwe, okungukuthi, imitha yomshini wokulinganisa we-magnetoelectric system.Lapho i-AC elinganisiwe, kufanele inake i-waveform yayo nemvamisa.Uma kuyi-sine wave, ingaguqulelwa kwamanye amanani (njengevelu ephezulu, inani elimaphakathi, njll.) kuphela ngokulinganisa inani elisebenzayo, futhi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemitha ye-AC lungasetshenziswa;uma kuyigagasi elingelona i-sine, kufanele lihlukanise lokho okudingeka kulinganiswe Ngevelu ye-rms, ithuluzi lesistimu kazibuthe noma isistimu kagesi ye-ferromagnetic ingakhethwa, futhi inani elimaphakathi lethuluzi lesistimu yokulungisa kabusha lingakhethwa. kukhethiwe.Ithuluzi lomshini wokulinganisa wesistimu kagesi livame ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okunembile kwamandla ashintshayo kanye ne-voltage.

⒉ Ukukhetha ukunemba.Lapho ithuluzi liphezulu ukunemba, intengo ibiza kakhulu futhi kuba nzima kakhulu ukulilungisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ezinye izimo zingafaniswa kahle, ithuluzi elineleveli ephezulu yokunemba lingase lingakwazi ukuthola imiphumela yokulinganisa enembile.Ngakho-ke, esimweni sokukhetha ithuluzi elinokunemba okuphansi ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zokulinganisa, ungakhethi ithuluzi elinokunemba okuphezulu.Ngokuvamile amamitha angu-0.1 no-0.2 asetshenziswa njengamamitha ajwayelekile;Amamitha angu-0.5 no-1.0 asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ilabhorethri;amathuluzi angaphansi kuka-1.5 ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ubunjiniyela.

⒊ Ukukhetha ibanga.Ukuze unikeze ukudlala okuphelele endimeni yokunemba kwensimbi, kuyadingeka futhi ukukhetha ngokunengqondo umkhawulo wensimbi ngokuya ngosayizi wevelu elinganisiwe.Uma ukukhetha kungalungile, iphutha lokulinganisa lizoba likhulu kakhulu.Ngokuvamile, inkomba yethuluzi elizolinganiswa inkulu kuno-1/2~2/3 wobubanzi obukhulu bethuluzi, kodwa ayikwazi ukudlula ububanzi bayo obukhulu.

⒋ Ukukhetha ukumelana kwangaphakathi.Lapho ukhetha imitha, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwemitha kufanele futhi kukhethwe ngokusho kobukhulu be-impedance elinganisiwe, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoletha iphutha elikhulu lokulinganisa.Ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bokumelana kwangaphakathi bubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemitha ngokwayo, lapho kulinganiswa okwamanje, i-ammeter enokumelana okuncane kakhulu kwangaphakathi kufanele isetshenziswe;lapho ukala i-voltage, i-voltmeter enokumelana okukhulu kwangaphakathi kufanele isetshenziswe.

Mukulungiswa

1. Landela ngokuqinile izimfuneko zebhukwana, futhi uligcine futhi ulisebenzise phakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lokushisa, umswakama, uthuli, ukudlidliza, inkambu kazibuthe kagesi nezinye izimo.

2. Ithuluzi eligcinwe isikhathi eside kufanele lihlolwe njalo futhi umswakama kufanele ususwe.

3. Izinsimbi ezisetshenziswe isikhathi eside kufanele zibe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okudingekayo nokulungiswa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokulinganisa zikagesi.

4. Ungawuqaqi futhi ulungise ithuluzi ngokuthanda kwakho, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuzwela nokunemba kwalo kuzothinteka.

5. Ngamathuluzi anamabhethri afakwe kumitha, naka ukuhlola ukuphuma kwebhethri, futhi ubeke esikhundleni sawo ngesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukuchichima kwe-electrolyte yebhethri nokugqwala kwezingxenye.Ngemitha engasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ibhethri elikwimitha kufanele likhishwe.

Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa

1. Hlola okuqukethwe ngaphambi kokuthi i-ammeter iqale ukusebenza

a.Qinisekisa ukuthi isignali yamanje ixhunywe kahle futhi ayikho into evulekile yesifunda;

b.Qinisekisa ukuthi ukulandelana kwesigaba sesiginali yamanje kulungile;

c.Qinisekisa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kuhlangabezana nezidingo futhi kuxhunywe ngendlela efanele;

d.Qinisekisa ukuthi ulayini wokuxhumana uxhumeke ngendlela efanele;

2. Izinyathelo zokuqapha ngokusebenzisa i-ammeter

a.Landela ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zale manuwali, futhi uvimbele noma yikuphi ukusebenza kulayini wesiginali.

b.Lapho usetha (noma ulungisa) i-ammeter, qiniseka ukuthi idatha esethiwe ilungile, ukuze ugweme ukusebenza okungavamile kwe-ammeter noma idatha yokuhlola engalungile.

c.Lapho ufunda idatha ye-ammeter, kufanele yenziwe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezinqubo zokusebenza kanye nale ncwajana ukugwema amaphutha.

3. Ukulandelana kokususwa kwe-ammeter

a.Nqamula amandla e-ammeter;

b.Cindezela kancane umugqa wesiginali yamanje kuqala, bese uwususa;

c.Susa intambo yamandla kanye nolayini wokuxhumana we-ammeter;

d.Khipha izinto zokusebenza futhi uzigcine ngendlela efanele.

Troubleshooting

1. Iphutha elenzeka

I-Phenomenon a: Uxhumano lwesifunda lunembile, vala ukhiye kagesi, hambisa ucezu olushelelayo lwe-rheostat eslayidayo ukusuka enani eliphakeme lokumelana nenani elincane lokumelana, inombolo yenkomba yamanje ayishintshi ngokuqhubekayo, i-zero kuphela (inaliti ayinyakazi. ) noma ukuhambisa kancane ucezu olushelelayo ukukhombisa inani eligcwele le-offset (inaliti ichezukela ekhanda ngokushesha).

I-Phenomenon b: Ukuxhumana kwesifunda kulungile, vala ukhiye kagesi, i-ammeter pointer ishintsha kakhulu phakathi kwe-zero kanye nenani eligcwele le-offset.

2. Ukuhlaziya

I-bias current egcwele yekhanda le-ammeter ingeleveli ye-microampere, futhi ububanzi bunwetshwa ngokuxhuma i-shunt resistor ngokuhambisana.Ubuncane bamanje kumjikelezo wokuhlola ojwayelekile yi-milliampere, ngakho-ke uma kungekho ukumelana okunjalo kwe-shunt, isikhombisi semitha sizoshaya ukuchema okugcwele.

Iziphetho ezimbili ze-shunt resistor ziboshelwe ndawonye yizigxobo ezimbili ze-solder kanye neziphetho ezimbili zekhanda lemitha ngamantongomane okubopha angaphezulu nangaphansi kutheminali kanye nensika yetheminali.Amantongomane okubopha alula ukuxegisa, okuholela ekuhlukaniseni kwe-shunt resistor kanye nekhanda lemitha ( Kukhona into ehlulekayo a) noma ukuthintana okungalungile (into ehlulekayo b).

Isizathu sokushintsha okungazelelwe kwenani lekhanda lemitha ukuthi lapho isifunda sivuliwe, ucezu olushelelayo lwe-varistor lubekwe endaweni enenani elikhulu lokumelana, futhi ucezu olushelelayo luvame ukuhanjiswa ku-porcelain evikelayo. ithubhu, okwenza ukuba isekethe iphuke, ngakho inombolo yenkomba yamanje ithi: zero.Bese uhambisa ucezu olushelelayo kancane, futhi luhlangana nocingo lokumelana, futhi isekethe ivuliwe ngempela, okwenza inombolo yenkomba yamanje ishintshe ngokuzumayo ekuchemani okugcwele.

Indlela yokuqeda iwukuba uqinise nati eliqinisayo noma uhlukanise isembozo sangemuva semitha, ushise iziphetho ezimbili ze-shunt resistor kanye neziphetho ezimbili zekhanda lemitha, bese uwashisela kumalugi amabili wokushisela.