Uhlolojikelele
Umtshina womlilo iyisisetshenziswa esisetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-alamu yomlilo oluzenzakalelayo ukuze kuvikelwe umlilo ukuze kutholwe indawo yesigameko nokuthola umlilo.Umtshina womlilo "uyisitho senzwa" yesistimu, futhi umsebenzi waso ukuqapha ukuthi kukhona yini umlilo endaweni.Uma sekunomlilo, izici ezibonakalayo zenani lomlilo, njengezinga lokushisa, intuthu, igesi namandla emisebe, aguqulwa abe amasignali kagesi, futhi isignali ye-alamu ithunyelwa kusilawuli se-alamu yomlilo ngokushesha.
Wisimiso se-orking
Isici esizwelayo: Njengengxenye yokwakhiwa komtshina womlilo, into ebucayi ingaguqula inani elibonakalayo lomlilo libe amasignali kagesi.
Umjikelezo: Khulisa isignali kagesi eguqulwa into ebucayi bese uyicubungula ibe isignali edingwa isilawuli se-alamu yomlilo.
1. ukuguqulwa kwesifunda
Iguqula ukuphuma kwesignali kagesi ngento ebucayi ibe isignali ye-alamu enobude obuthile futhi ihambisane nezidingo zesilawuli se-alamu yomlilo.Ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa amasekhethi afanayo, ama-amplifier circuits nama-threshold circuits.Ukwakheka kwesekethe ethile kuncike ohlotsheni lwesiginali esetshenziswa isistimu ye-alamu, njenge-voltage noma isignali yesinyathelo yamanje, isignali ye-pulse, isignali yefrikhwensi yenkampani yenethiwekhi kanye nesignali yedijithali.
2. Isifunda sokulwa nokuphazamiseka
Ngenxa yezimo zemvelo zangaphandle, njengezinga lokushisa, isivinini somoya, inkambu enamandla kazibuthe kagesi, ukukhanya kokwenziwa nezinye izici, ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitholi kuzothinteka, noma amasiginali angamanga angase abange ukubangela ama-alamu angamanga.Ngakho-ke, umtshina kufanele ufakwe i-anti-jamming circuit ukuze uthuthukise ukwethembeka kwawo.Okuvame ukusetshenziswa izihlungi, izifunda zokulibaziseka, izifunda ezihlanganisayo, izifunda zesinxephezelo, njll.
3. vikela isifunda
Isetshenziselwa ukuqapha imitshina kanye nokwehluleka kolayini wokudlulisela.Hlola ukuthi isekethe yokuhlola, izingxenye kanye nezingxenye zisesimweni esihle yini, qapha ukuthi umtshina usebenza ngokujwayelekile yini;hlola ukuthi ulayini wokudlulisa ujwayelekile yini (njengokuthi intambo yokuxhuma phakathi komtshina nesilawuli se-alamu yomlilo ixhunyiwe).Iqukethe isifunda sokuqapha kanye nesekhethi yokuhlola.
4. Ukukhombisa isifunda
Isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukuthi umtshina uyasebenza yini.Ngemuva kokuthi umtshina unyakaza, kufanele unikeze isibonisi ngokwawo.Lolu hlobo lwesibonisi sokuzenzela ngokuvamile lusetha ukukhanya kwesiginali yesenzo kumtshina, okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya kokuqinisekisa.
5. I-Interface Circuit
Isetshenziselwa ukuqedela ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi komtshina womlilo nesilawuli se-alamu yomlilo, okokufaka nokuphumayo kwesignali, nokuvikela umtshina emonakalweni ngenxa yamaphutha okufaka.
Yisakhiwo somshini womtshina.Umsebenzi wayo ukuxhuma izinto ezifana nezakhi zokuzwa, amabhodi aphrintiwe wesekethe, izixhumi, izibani zokuqinisekisa nezixhumi zibe yinto eyodwa, ukuqinisekisa amandla athile emishini futhi kuzuzwe ukusebenza kukagesi okucacisiwe, ukuze kuvinjwe indawo ezungezile njengomthombo wokukhanya, ukukhanya. umthombo, ukukhanya kwelanga, uthuli, ukugeleza komoya, amagagasi kazibuthe ahamba kakhulu kanye nokunye ukuphazamiseka nokucekelwa phansi kwamandla kagesi.
Aisicelo
Uhlelo lwe-alamu yomlilo oluzenzakalelayo luqukethe isithwebuli somlilo kanye nesilawuli se-alamu yomlilo.Uma sekunomlilo, izici ezibonakalayo zenani lomlilo, njengezinga lokushisa, intuthu, igesi namandla okukhanya okukhazimulayo, aguqulwa abe amasignali kagesi futhi athathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze athumele isignali ye-alamu kusilawuli se-alamu yomlilo.Ezikhathini ezivutha umlilo neziqhumayo, isithwebuli somlilo sithola ikakhulukazi ukugcwala kwegesi endaweni ezungezile, nama-alamu ngaphambi kokuba ukugxiliswa kufinyelele umkhawulo ophansi.Ezimweni ezingazodwana, izitholi zomlilo zingakwazi futhi ukubona ingcindezi namaza omsindo.
Ukwahlukanisa
(1) Umtshina womlilo oshisayo: Lona umtshina womlilo osabela ekushiseni okungavamile, izinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo kanye nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa.Ingase futhi ihlukaniswe ngama-fire detectors okushisa okungaguquki - izicishamlilo eziphendula lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela noma lidlula inani elinqunywe kusengaphambili;izivikeli zomlilo ezihlukanisayo ezisabelayo lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula inani elinqunyiwe ngaphambili: izivikeli zomlilo ezingashintshiwe ezishintshayo - Isitholi somlilo esizwa izinga lokushisa esinakho kokubili izinga lokushisa elihlukile kanye nemisebenzi yokushisa engashintshi.Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezibucayi ezihlukene, njengama-thermistors, ama-thermocouples, ama-bimetals, izinsimbi ze-fusible, amabhokisi olwelwesi lwama-membrane nama-semiconductors, kungatholakala imitshina yomlilo ehlukahlukene ezwela ukushisa.
(2) Umtshina wentuthu: Lesi yisimo somlilo esiphendula izinhlayiya eziqinile noma eziwuketshezi ezikhiqizwa ukusha noma i-pyrolysis.Ngenxa yokuthi ikwazi ukubona ukugcwala kwama-aerosol noma izinhlayiya zentuthu ezikhiqizwe ekuqaleni kokusha kwezinto, amanye amazwe abiza imitshina yentuthu ngokuthi “izihlonze ngaphambi kwesikhathi”.Izinhlayiya ze-aerosol noma intuthu zingashintsha amandla okukhanya, zinciphise amandla e-ionic egunjini le-ionization futhi ziguqule izici ezithile ze-electrolytic semiconductor engaguquki yama-air capacitor.Ngakho-ke, izitholi zentuthu zingahlukaniswa zibe uhlobo lwe-ion, uhlobo lwe-photoelectric, uhlobo lwe-capacitive kanye nohlobo lwe-semiconductor.Phakathi kwazo, izitholi zentuthu ze-photoelectric zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lokunciphisa ukukhanya (usebenzisa isimiso sokuvimbela indlela yokukhanya ngezinhlayiya zentuthu) kanye nohlobo lwe-astigmatism (usebenzisa isimiso sokuhlakazeka kokukhanya ngezinhlayiya zentuthu).
(3) Izitholi zomlilo ezithatha isithombe: Izithonjana zomlilo ezi-Photosensitive zaziwa nangokuthi izithungatha ilangabi.Lesi isithwebuli somlilo esisabela ku-infrared, ultraviolet, nokukhanya okubonakalayo okukhanyiswa ilangabi.Ngokuyinhloko kunezinhlobo ezimbili zohlobo lwelangabi le-infrared kanye nohlobo lwamalangabi e-ultraviolet.
(4) Umtshina womlilo wegesi: Lona umtshina womlilo osabela kumagesi akhiqizwa ukusha noma i-pyrolysis.Ezikhathini ezivutha umlilo neziqhumayo, ukugcwala kwegesi (uthuli) kutholwa kakhulu, futhi i-alamu ivamise ukulungiswa lapho ukugxila kungu-1/5-1/6 womkhawulo ophansi wokugxiliswa.Izakhi zokuzwa ezisetshenziselwa izitholi zomlilo wegesi ukuze kutholwe ukugxiliswa kwegesi (uthuli) ikakhulukazi zifaka izintambo zeplatinamu, i-diamond palladium (izakhi ezimnyama nezimhlophe) kanye nama-semiconductors ensimbi e-oxide (njengama-oxide ensimbi, amakristalu e-perovskite nama-spinel).
(5) Umtshina womlilo oyinhlanganisela: Lona umtshina womlilo osabela kumapharamitha womlilo angaphezu kwamabili.Ikakhulukazi kukhona izinto ezibona izinga lokushisa ezikwazi ukuzwa intuthu, izithungatha zentuthu ezizwelayo izithombe, izinto ezibona ukushisa ezikwazi ukuzwa ukushisa, njll.
Umhlahlandlela wokukhetha
1. Ezindaweni eziningi ezijwayelekile, njengamagumbi amahhotela, izinxanxathela zezitolo, izakhiwo zamahhovisi, njll., kufanele kusetshenziswe izinto zokuthungatha intuthu eziwuhlobo lwamaphuzu, futhi kufanele kukhethwe izinto ezibona intuthu ezisebenza ngogesi.Ezikhathini lapho kunentuthu emnyama eningi, izinto zokuzwa intuthu ye-ion kufanele zisetshenziswe.
2. Ezindaweni lapho kungafaneleka khona ukufaka noma ukufaka izinto ezibona intuthu ezingase zibangele ama-alamu amanga, noma lapho kunentuthu encane kanye nezinga lokushisa elikhuphuka ngokushesha lapho kuvela umlilo, kufanele kusetshenziswe izinto ezihlola umlilo njengezinzwa lokushisa noma amalangabi.
3. Ezindaweni ezinde, njengamahholo emibukiso, amahholo okulinda, izindawo zokusebenzela ezinde, njll., izinto zokuzwa intuthu ye-infrared kufanele zivame ukusetshenziswa.Uma izimo zivuma, kuyatuseka ukuthi uyihlanganise nohlelo lokuqapha i-TV, bese ukhetha okokutholwa kwe-alamu yomlilo yohlobo lwesithombe (izithonjana ze-dual-band flame, i-optical cross-section detectors intuthu)
4. Ezindaweni ezibalulekile ezibalulekile noma eziyingozi kakhulu lapho umlilo udinga ukubonwa kusenesikhathi, njengegumbi lokuxhumana elibalulekile, igumbi lekhompyutha elikhulu, ilabhorethri ehambisana nogesi (microwave darkroom), inqolobane enkulu enezinhlangothi ezintathu, njll., kuyancomeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe. ukuzwela okukhulu.Isitholi sentuthu sesitayela somoya.
5. Ezindaweni lapho ukunemba kwe-alamu kuphezulu, noma i-alamu engamanga izobangela ukulahlekelwa, umtshina oyinhlanganisela (inhlanganisela yokushisa kwentuthu, inhlanganisela yokukhanya kwentuthu, njll.) kufanele kukhethwe.
6. Ezindaweni ezidinga ukuxhunyaniswa nokulawula ukucisha umlilo, njengokulawula isicishamlilo segesi yekhompiyutha, ukulawula isicishamlilo sesistimu kazamcolo, njll., ukuze kuvinjwe ukusetshenziswa kabi, kufanele kusetshenziswe imitshina emibili noma ngaphezulu neminyango. ukulawula ukucisha umlilo, njengokutholwa kwentuthu yohlobo lwephoyinti.Nezitholi zokushisa, intuthu ye-infrared ye-infrared kanye nezitholi zethempelesha zekhebula, izitholi zentuthu namalangabi, njll.
7. Ezindaweni ezinkulu lapho indawo yokuthola ingadingeki ukuthi isetshenziswe njengendawo ye-alamu ngokuningiliziwe, njengamagaraji, njll., ukuze kongiwe utshalomali, kufanele kukhethwe izitholi zekhodi okungelona ikheli, futhi izitholi ezimbalwa zabelane ngekheli elilodwa. .
8. Ngokuvumelana “Nekhodi Yokuklanywa Kwamagaraji, Amagaraji Okulungisa Nendawo Yokupaka” kanye nezimfuneko eziphakeme zamanje zezindinganiso zokukhipha umoya wezimoto, ukuze kufinyelelwe isixwayiso kusenesikhathi, izitholi zentuthu kufanele zisetshenziswe emagaraji anomoya ohlanzekile, kodwa okudingekayo ukufaka izinto zokuthungatha intuthu.Ibekwe ekuzweleni okuphansi.
Kwezinye izindawo lapho isikhala sincane uma kuqhathaniswa futhi nokuminyana kwezinto ezivuthayo kuphezulu, njengaphansi kwe-electrostatic floor, imisele yamakhebula, imithombo yamakhebula, njll., kungasetshenziswa izintambo ezizwa izinga lokushisa.
Mukulungiswa
Ngemuva kokuthi umtshina usuqalile ukusebenza iminyaka emi-2, kufanele uhlanzwe njalo eminyakeni emi-3.Manje ukuthatha umtshina we-ion njengesibonelo, uthuli olusemoyeni lunamathela ebusweni bomthombo we-radioactive kanye ne-ionization chamber, eyenza buthaka ukugeleza kwe-ion ekamelweni le-ionization, okuzokwenza umtshina uthambekele kuma-alamu angamanga.Umthombo we-radioactive uzogqwala kancane, futhi uma umthombo we-radioactive ekamelweni le-ionization ugqwalile kunomthombo we-radioactive ekamelweni lokubhekisela, umtshina uzojwayele ukukhala ngama-alamu amanga;kunalokho, i-alamu izobambezeleka noma ingethuki.Ukwengeza, ukukhukhuleka kwepharamitha yezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kumtshina akunakushaywa indiva, futhi umtshina ohlanziwe kufanele ulinganiswe ngogesi futhi ulungiswe.Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokushintsha umthombo, ukuhlanza, nokulungisa imingcele kagesi yomtshina, futhi inkomba yayo ifinyelela inkomba yomtshina omusha lapho iphuma efektri, lezi zitholi ezihlanzekile zingashintshwa.Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umtshina ungasebenza ngokujwayelekile isikhathi eside, kudingekile kakhulu ukuthumela umtshina efektri yokuhlanza ochwepheshe ukuze ulungiswe futhi uhlanzeke.
Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa
1. Yenza irekhodi lekheli lemishini ehlola intuthu, ukuze ugweme ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kwephuzu elifanayo;
2. Enqubweni yokwengeza ukuhlolwa kwentuthu, qopha ukubambezeleka kwe-alamu yomtshina, futhi ngokusebenzisa isifinyezo sokugcina, ube nokuqonda okujwayelekile kwesimo sokusebenza semishini yokubona intuthu esiteshini sonke, okuyisinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthi kutholwe yini umtshina wokubhema.Nikeza ubufakazi bokuthi idivayisi ihlanzekile;
3. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ikheli lomshini wokuthungatha intuthu linembile yini, ukuze kulungiswe kabusha ikheli lomshini wokuthungatha okheli lawo negumbi okungahambisani nenombolo ngesikhathi, ukuze kuvinjwe imiyalelo engalungile. ekulawuleni okumaphakathi ngesikhathi sohlelo lokusiza ezinhlekeleleni.igumbi.
Troubleshooting
Okokuqala, ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwemvelo (njengothuli, intuthu kawoyela, umhwamuko wamanzi), ikakhulukazi ngemva kokungcoliswa kwemvelo, izitholi zentuthu noma izinga lokushisa kungenzeka zikhiphe ama-alamu angamanga esimweni sezulu esiswakeme.Indlela yokwelapha iwukukhipha intuthu noma izinto ezihlola izinga lokushisa eziye wethuka ngamanga ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwemvelo, bese uzithumela kubakhiqizi bemishini yokuhlanza abangochwepheshe ukuze zihlanzwe futhi zifakwe kabusha.
Okwesibili, i-alamu yamanga ikhiqizwa ngenxa yokuhluleka kwesifunda somusi noma umtshina wokushisa ngokwawo.Isixazululo ukuvala intuthu entsha noma isitshina sokushisa.
Okwesithathu ukuthi i-alamu yamanga ivela ngenxa yesifunda esifushane emgqeni womusi noma umtshina wokushisa.Indlela yokucubungula ukuhlola umugqa ohlobene nephuzu lephutha, futhi uthole iphoyinti lesifunda elifushane ukuze licutshungulwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-26-2022