1. Izimiso ezijwayelekile zokukhetha insimbi ezenzakalelayo
Izimiso ezijwayelekile zokukhethwa kwamathuluzi okuhlola (izingxenye) nama-valve okulawula imi kanje:
1. Izimo zenqubo
Izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izinga lokugeleza, i-viscosity, ukugqwala, ubuthi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nezinye izici zenqubo yizimo eziyinhloko zokunquma ukukhethwa kwethuluzi, elihlobene nokunengqondo kokukhethwa kwethuluzi, impilo yesevisi yethuluzi. kanye nomlilo, ukuvikela ukuqhuma nokuphepha kwendawo yokusebenzela.umbuzo.
2. Ukubaluleka Kokusebenza
Ukubaluleka kwamapharamitha wephoyinti ngalinye lokutholwa elisebenzayo kuyisisekelo sokukhethwa kwenkomba yethuluzi, ukurekhoda, ukunqwabelana, i-alamu, isilawuli, isilawuli kude neminye imisebenzi.Ngokuvamile, izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinomphumela omncane ohlelweni kodwa ezidinga ukugadwa njalo zingakhetha uhlobo lwenkomba;eziguquguqukayo ezibalulekile ezidinga ukwazi inkambiso eshintshayo njalo, uhlobo lwerekhodi kufanele lukhethwe;futhi okunye okuguquguqukayo okunomthelela omkhulu ohlelweni kudingeka kube Okuguquguqukayo okubhekwayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kufanele kulawulwe;kokuguquguqukayo okuhlobene nebhalansi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okudinga ukulinganisa noma ukubalwa kwezimali kwezomnotho, ukunqwabelana kufanele kusethwe;okunye okuguquguqukayo okungase kuthinte ukukhiqizwa noma ukuphepha kufanele kusethelwe ku-alamu.
3. Umnotho Nokufana
Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi nakho kunqunywa isikali sokutshalwa kwezimali.Ngokwesisekelo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ukubalwa kwezimali okudingekayo kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kutholwe isilinganiso esifanele sokusebenza/intengo.
Ukuze kube lula ukunakekelwa nokuphathwa kwethuluzi, ubumbano lwethuluzi kufanele futhi bunakwe lapho kukhethwa imodeli.Zama ukukhetha imikhiqizo yochungechunge olufanayo, ukucaciswa okufanayo kanye nemodeli kanye nomkhiqizi ofanayo.
4. Ukusetshenziswa nokuhlinzekwa kwezinsimbi
Ithuluzi elikhethiwe kufanele libe umkhiqizo ovuthiwe, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kuboniswe ukuthi kunokwethenjelwa ngokusetshenziswa endaweni;ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ithuluzi elikhethiwe kufanele libe nokutholakala okwanele futhi ngeke lithinte ukuqhubeka kokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi.
Okwesibili, ukukhethwa kwezinsimbi zokushisa
<1> Izimiso ezijwayelekile
1. Iyunithi nesikali (isikali)
Iyunithi yesikali (isikali) sethuluzi lokushisa sihlanganiswe ngoCelsius (°C).
2. Thola (linganisa) ubude bokufaka bengxenye
Ukukhethwa kobude bokufaka kufanele kusekelwe kumgomo wokuthi isici sokutholwa (isilinganiso) sifakwe endaweni emele lapho izinga lokushisa lendawo elinganisiwe lizwela ukushintsha.Nokho, ngokuvamile, ukuze kube lula ukushintshashintsha, ubude bamagiya okuqala kuya kwelesibili buvame ukukhethwa ngokufanayo kulo lonke idivayisi.
Lapho ufaka ku-flue, isithando somlilo kanye nemishini yokudweba ngezinto zokushisa ezishisayo, kufanele kukhethwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zangempela.
Impahla yekhava yokuvikela yesici sokutholwa (ukubona) akufanele ibe ngaphansi kunempahla yesisetshenziswa noma ipayipi.Uma umkhono ovikelayo womkhiqizo onobunjwa uzacile kakhulu noma ungamelani nokugqwala (njengama-armored thermocouples), kufanele kwengezwe umkhono ovikelayo.
Amathuluzi okushisa, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, izingxenye zokuthola izinga lokushisa (isilinganiso) nama-transmitter afakwe ezindaweni ezivutha umlilo neziqhumayo okuthintana nabo bukhoma kufanele kuvikeleke ukuqhuma.
<2> Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi lokushisa lasendaweni
1. Ikilasi lokunemba
I-thermometer yezimboni ejwayelekile: khetha isigaba 1.5 noma isigaba 1.
Ukulinganisa okunembayo nama-thermometers aselabhorethri: Ikilasi 0.5 noma 0.25 kufanele likhethwe.
2. Ibanga lokulinganisa
Inani eliphakeme kakhulu elikaliwe alikho ngaphezu kuka-90% womkhawulo ongaphezulu wobubanzi bokulinganisa bethuluzi, futhi inani elijwayelekile elilinganisiwe licishe libe ngu-1/2 womkhawulo ongaphezulu wobubanzi bokulinganisa bethuluzi.
Inani elilinganisiwe lethemometha yokucindezela kufanele libe phakathi kuka-1/2 no-3/4 womkhawulo ongaphezulu wobubanzi bokulinganisa bethuluzi.
3. I-thermometer ye-Bimetal
Lapho uhlangabezana nezidingo zobubanzi bokulinganisa, ingcindezi yokusebenza nokunemba, kufanele kukhethwe.
Ububanzi bekesi ngokuvamile bungu-φ100mm.Ezindaweni ezinezimo ezingezinhle zokukhanyisa, izikhundla eziphezulu namabanga amade wokubuka, kufanele kukhethwe u-φ150mm.
Indlela yokuxhuma phakathi kwegobolondo lensimbi neshubhu elivikelayo kufanele ngokuvamile kube uhlobo lwendawo yonke, noma uhlobo lwe-axial noma uhlobo lwe-radial lungakhethwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokubuka okulula.
4. I-thermometer yokucindezela
Ifanele isibonisi sephaneli esizeni noma esizeni enezinga lokushisa eliphansi elingaphansi kuka -80 ℃, ayikwazi ukubuka eduze, ngokudlidliza kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphansi.
5. I-thermometer yengilazi
Isetshenziselwa kuphela izenzakalo ezikhethekile ezinokunemba okuphezulu kokulinganisa, ukudlidliza okuncane, akukho monakalo owenziwe ngomshini nokubonwa okulungile.Kodwa-ke, ama-thermometers e-mercury-in-glass akufanele asetshenziswe ngenxa yezingozi ze-mercury.
6. Insimbi yesisekelo
Ekufakweni esizeni noma endaweni kwamathuluzi okulinganisa nokulawula (ukulungisa), amathuluzi okushisa ohlobo lwesisekelo kufanele asetshenziswe.
7. Ukushintsha izinga lokushisa
Ifanele izikhathi lapho ukuphuma kwesignali yokuxhumana kuyadingeka ukuze kulinganiswe izinga lokushisa.
<3> Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo
1. Thola (linganisa) izingxenye
(1) Ngokwebanga lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa, khetha i-thermocouple, ukumelana nokushisa noma i-thermistor enenombolo ehambisanayo yokuthweswa iziqu.
(2) Ama-thermocouples afaneleka ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile.Ukumelana nokushisa kulungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingadlidlizi.Ama-thermistors afanele izikhathi ezidinga ukusabela kokulinganisa okusheshayo.
(3) Ngokuya ngezidingo zento yokulinganisa yejubane lokuphendula, izici zokutholwa (isilinganiso) zezikhathi ezilandelayo ezingaguquki zingakhethwa:
Thermocouple: 600s, 100s kanye 20s amazinga amathathu;
Ukumelana nokushisa: 90～180s, 30～90s, 10～30s kanye <10s ibanga lesine;
I-Thermistor: <1s.
(4) Ngokwezimo zemvelo zokusetshenziswa, khetha ibhokisi lokuhlangana ngokuvumelana nezimiso ezilandelayo:
Uhlobo olujwayelekile: izindawo ezinezimo ezingcono;
I-splash-proof, engangeni manzi: izindawo ezimanzi noma ezivulekile;
Ubufakazi bokuqhuma: izindawo ezivuthayo neziqhuma;
Uhlobo lwesokhethi: okwezikhathi ezikhethekile kuphela.
(5) Ngokuvamile, indlela yokuxhuma okucushwe ingasetshenziswa, futhi indlela yokuxhuma i-flange kufanele isetshenziselwe lezi zenzakalo ezilandelayo:
Ukufakwa kwezinto zokusebenza, amapayipi afakwe ulayini kanye namapayipi ensimbi angeyona ayoni;
I-Crystallization, izibazi, ukuvala kanye nemidiya egqwala kakhulu:
Imidiya evuthayo, eqhumayo futhi enobuthi kakhulu.
(6) Ama-thermocouples nokumelana nokushisa asetshenziswa ezikhathini ezikhethekile:
Esimeni sokunciphisa igesi, igesi ye-inert kanye ne-vacuum lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kuka-870℃ futhi okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen kungaphezu kuka-5%, kukhethwa i-tungsten-rhenium thermocouple noma i-thermocouple efuthayo;
Izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu lemishini, udonga lwangaphandle lwepayipi kanye nomzimba ojikelezayo, khetha ingaphezulu noma i-armored thermocouple kanye nokumelana nokushisa;
Kokuphakathi okuqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile eziqinile, i-thermocouple engagugi ikhethiwe;
Ku-casing yokuvikela yesici esifanayo sokutholwa (isilinganiso), lapho isilinganiso sokushisa samaphuzu amaningi sidingeka, ama-thermocouples anamaphuzu amaningi (igatsha) akhethiwe;
Ukuze ulondoloze okokusebenza kweshubhu lokuvikela okukhethekile (okufana ne-tantalum), thuthukisa isivinini sokuphendula noma udinge ingxenye yokuthola (isilinganiso) ukuthi igotshwe futhi ifakwe, kungakhethwa i-thermocouple ye-armored.
2. I-Transmitter
Ama-Transmitter akhethelwa ukulinganisa noma isistimu yokulawula efaniswa nethuluzi elijwayelekile lokubonisa isignali.
Endabeni yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe isidlulisi esihlanganisa ukulinganisa nokudlulisa.
3. Ithuluzi lokubonisa
(1) Inkomba evamile kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuboniswa kwephuzu elilodwa, inkomba yedijithali kufanele isetshenziselwe ukubonisa amaphuzu amaningi, futhi irekhodi elijwayelekile kufanele lisetshenziswe uma idatha yomlando idingeka ukuthi kukhulunywe ngayo.
(2) Ngohlelo lwe-alamu yesignali, inkomba noma irekhoda enesignali yokuxhumana kufanele kukhethwe.
(3) Irekhoda yosayizi omaphakathi (njengerekhoda enamaphuzu angama-30) kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuqopha amaphuzu amaningi.
4. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisizayo
(1) Uma amaphuzu amaningi ehlanganyela ithuluzi elilodwa lokubonisa, iswishi enekhwalithi ethembekile kufanele ikhethwe.
(2) Ama-thermocouples asetshenziswa ukukala izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-1600°C.Uma ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo ebandayo kwenza isistimu yokulinganisa ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokunemba, futhi ithuluzi lokubonisa elisekelayo lingenawo umsebenzi wokunxephezela ozenzakalelayo wesiphambano esibandayo, isinxephezelo esizenzakalelayo sendawo ebandayo kufanele sikhethwe.
(3) Intambo yesinxephezelo
a.Ngokuya ngenani lama-thermocouples, inombolo yokuthweswa iziqu kanye nezimo zemvelo zokusetshenziswa, intambo yesinxephezelo noma ikhebula lesinxephezelo elihlangabezana nezidingo kufanele kukhethwe.
b.Khetha amaleveli ahlukene ezintambo zesinxephezelo noma izintambo zesinxephezelo ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa elizungezile:
-20～+100℃ khetha ibanga elijwayelekile;
-40 ~ +250 ℃ khetha ibanga elimelana nokushisa.
c.Ezindaweni ezinokushisisa kukagesi ngezikhathi ezithile noma ugesi onamandla nezizibuthe, izintambo zesinxephezelo ezivikelekile noma izintambo zesinxephezelo ezivikelekile kufanele zisetshenziswe.
d.Indawo ephambanayo yocingo lwesinxephezelo kufanele inqunywe ngokuya ngevelu yokumelana ephindaphindayo yobude bayo bokubeka kanye nokumelana kwangaphandle okuvunyelwe ithuluzi lokubonisa elisekelayo, isidlulisi noma isixhumi esibonakalayo sekhompyutha.
3. Ukukhethwa kwezinsimbi zokucindezela
<1> Ukukhethwa kwegeji yokucindezela
1. Khetha ngokuya ngendawo yokusetshenziswa kanye nemvelo yendlela yokulinganisa
(1) Ezindaweni ezinokhahlo ezifana nokugqwala okuqinile komkhathi, uthuli oluningi kanye nokufuthwa kalula koketshezi, amageji ohlobo oluvaliwe lwe-all-plastic pressure kufanele asetshenziswe.
(2) Ukuze kuhlanjululwe i-nitric acid, i-acetic acid, i-ammonia nezinye izinto ezivamile zokugqwala, amageji okucindezela amelana ne-asidi, amageji okucindezela kwe-ammonia noma izikali ze-diaphragm zensimbi engagqwali kufanele zisetshenziswe.
(3) Nciphisa i-hydrochloric acid, igesi ye-hydrochloric acid, uwoyela osindayo nemidiya efanayo enokugqwala okuqinile, izinhlayiya eziqinile, uketshezi lwe-viscous, njll., kufanele kusetshenziswe igeji yomfutho we-diaphragm noma igeji yomfutho we-diaphragm.Impahla ye-diaphragm noma i-diaphragm kufanele ikhethwe ngokuvumelana nezici zendlela yokulinganisa.
(4) Kwemidiya efana nekristalu, izibazi kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe igeji yomfutho we-diaphragm.
(5) Esimeni sokudlidliza kwemishini okuqinile, kufanele kusetshenziswe igeji yokucindezela ukumelana nokushaqeka noma igeji yomfutho wasolwandle.
(6) Ezimweni ezivuthayo neziqhumane, uma amasignali okuxhumana kagesi edingeka, kufanele kusetshenziswe igeji yokucindezela kagesi engaqhumi.
(7) Izikali zokucindezela ezikhethekile kufanele zisetshenziselwe le midiya yokulinganisa elandelayo:
I-ammonia yegesi, i-ammonia ye-liquid: i-ammonia pressure gauge, i-vacuum gauge, i-pressure vacuum gauge;
Umoya-mpilo: Isilinganiso somfutho we-oksijini;
I-Hydrogen: I-Hydrogen pressure gauge;
I-Chlorine: igeji yokucindezela ukumelana ne-chlorine, i-vacuum gauge yokucindezela;
I-Acetylene: Isilinganiso somfutho we-acetylene;
I-Hydrogen sulfide: igeji yokucindezela ukumelana nesibabule;
I-Lye: igeji yokulinganisa i-alkali-resistant, i-pressure vacuum gauge.
2. ukukhethwa kwezinga lokunemba
(1) Izikali zokucindezela, izikali zomfutho we-diaphragm kanye nezikali zomfutho we-diaphragm ezisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okuvamile kufanele zibe yibanga lesi-1.5 noma lesi-2.5.
(2) Amageji okucindezela okulinganisa ukunemba nokulinganisa kufanele afakwe ku-0.4, 0.25 noma 0.16.
3. Ukukhethwa kobukhulu bangaphandle
(1) Igeji yokulinganisa umfutho efakwe epayipini namathuluzi inobubanzi obungu-φ100mm noma φ150mm.
(2) Igeyiji yokucindezela efakwe epayipini lensimbi lomoya kanye nezinto ezisizayo linobubanzi obungu-φ60mm.
(3) Ukuze uthole ama-gauge okucindezela afakwe ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuphansi, indawo ephezulu kanye nokubhekwa okunzima kwamanani ezinkomba, ububanzi obuncane bungu-φ200mm noma φ250mm.
4. Ukukhethwa kwebanga lokulinganisa
(1) Lapho ukala ingcindezi ezinzile, inani lengcindezi yokusebenza evamile kufanele libe ngu-2/3 kuya ku-1/3 womkhawulo ongaphezulu wobubanzi bokulinganisa bethuluzi.
(2) Lapho ukala ingcindezi yokushaya (njengokucindezela kokuphuma kwepompo, i-compressor kanye nefeni), inani elivamile lengcindezi yokusebenza kufanele libe ngu-1/2 kuya ku-1/3 womkhawulo ongaphezulu wobubanzi bokulinganisa bensimbi. .
(3) Lapho ukala umfutho ophakeme nophakathi (omkhulu kuno-4MPa), inani lengcindezi yokusebenza evamile akufanele lidlule u-1/2 womkhawulo ongaphezulu wobubanzi bokulinganisa bethuluzi.
5. Iyunithi nesikali (isikali)
(1) Wonke amathuluzi okucindezela azosebenzisa amayunithi okulinganisa asemthethweni.Okungukuthi: Pa (Pa), kilopascal (kPa) kanye ne-megapascal (MPa).
(2) Kumaphrojekthi wedizayini ahlobene namazwe angaphandle namathuluzi angenisiwe, izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zamazwe ngamazwe noma amazinga ahambisanayo kazwelonke angase amukelwe.
<2> Ukukhethwa kwe-transmitter nenzwa
(1) Lapho uthumela ngesignali evamile (4~20mA), isidlulisi kufanele sikhethwe.
(2) Ezimweni ezivuthayo neziqhumayo, izithutha umoya noma izithutha zikagesi ezingaqhumi kufanele zisetshenziswe.
(3) Ukuze kucwebezele, izibazi, ukuvala, i-viscous nokugqwala kwemidiya, kufanele kusetshenziswe ama-transmitters ohlobo lwe-flange.Izinto ezithintana ngqo ne-medium kufanele zikhethwe ngokuya nezici ze-medium.
(4) Ezikhathini lapho indawo yokusebenzisa iyinhle futhi ukunemba nokuthembeka kwesilinganiso kungephezulu, uhlobo lokumelana, uhlobo lwe-inductance gauge yeremothi yokucindezela noma isidluliseli somfutho weHholo singakhethwa.
(5) Uma ukala ingcindezi encane (ngaphansi kuka-500Pa), isidlulisi sengcindezi esihlukile singakhethwa.
<3> Ukukhethwa kwezisekeli zokufaka
(1) Lapho kulinganiswa umhwamuko wamanzi kanye nemidiya enezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-60 °C, kufanele kusetshenziswe indololwane ezungezayo noma emise okuka-U.
(2) Lapho ukala igesi encibilika kalula, uma indawo yokucindezela ingaphezu kwemitha, kufanele kusetshenziswe isihlukanisi.
(3) Lapho kulinganiswa igesi equkethe uthuli, kufanele kukhethwe umqoqi wothuli.
(4) Lapho kulinganiswa umfutho wokushaya ngamandla, ama-damper noma amabhafa kufanele asetshenziswe.
(5) Uma izinga lokushisa lendawo liseduze noma liphansi kunendawo yokubanda noma indawo yokubanda yendawo yokulinganisa, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulandelela ukushisa kwe-adiabatic noma ukushisa.
(6) Ibhokisi lokuvikela insimbi (izinga lokushisa) kufanele likhethwe ezikhathini ezilandelayo.
Amaswishi okucindezelayo nama-transmitters okufakwa ngaphandle.
Ama-switch switch kanye nama-transmitter afakwe kuma-workshops anomoya onamandla wokugqwala, uthuli nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
Okwesine, ukukhethwa kwamamitha okugeleza
<1> Izimiso ezijwayelekile
1. Ukukhetha isikali
Isikali sensimbi kufanele sihlangabezane nezimfuneko zesilinganiso semoduli yensimbi.Uma ukufundwa kwesikali kungeyona inombolo ephelele, kulula ukuguqula ukufundwa, futhi kungakhethwa ngokuya ngenombolo.
(1) Ibanga lesikali sempande eyisikwele
Ukugeleza okuphezulu akudluli ama-95% esikali esigcwele;
Ukugeleza okujwayelekile kungu-70% kuya ku-85% wesilinganiso esigcwele;
Ukugeleza okuncane akukho ngaphansi kuka-30% wesilinganiso esigcwele.
(2) Ibanga lesikali somugqa
Ukugeleza okuphezulu akudluli ama-90% esikali esigcwele;
Ukugeleza okujwayelekile kungu-50% kuya ku-70% wesilinganiso esigcwele;
Ukugeleza okuncane akukho ngaphansi kuka-10% wesilinganiso esigcwele.
2. Ukunemba kwensimbi
I-flowmeter esetshenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla izothobelana nezinhlinzeko Zemithetho Ejwayelekile Yokuhlonyiswa Nokuphathwa Kwamathuluzi Okulinganisa Amandla Ebhizinisi (Isivivinyo).
(1) Ukuze kulinganiswe uphethiloli wendawo yokuhlala engenayo nephumayo, ±0.1%;
(2) Isilinganiso sokuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho kwamaqembu omhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi nezinqubo zobuchwepheshe, ±0.5% kuya ku-2%;
(3) Ekukalweni kwamanzi ezimbonini nasemphakathini, ±2.5%;
(4) Ukulinganisa isitimu okuhlanganisa isitimu esishisa kakhulu nesichichimayo, ±2.5%;
(5) Ukuze kulinganiswe igesi yemvelo, igesi kanye negesi yasekhaya, ±2.0%;
(6) Ukulinganisa uwoyela osetshenziswa ezintweni ezibalulekile ezidla amandla kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo, ±1.5%;
(7) Ukukalwa kolunye uketshezi olusebenzayo olunamandla (njengomoya ocindezelwe, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, i-hydrogen, amanzi, njll.) olusetshenziselwa ukulawula inqubo, ±2%.
3. Iyunithi yokugeleza
Ukugeleza kwevolumu kungu-m3/h, l/h;
Ukugeleza kwesisindo ku-kg/h, t/h;
Esimeni esijwayelekile, izinga lokugeleza kwevolumu yegesi ngu-Nm3/h (0°C, 0.1013MPa)
<2> Ukukhethwa kwezinsimbi ezijwayelekile zokulinganisa uketshezi, uketshezi kanye nomusi
1. Umehluko wokugeleza kwengcindezi
(1) Idivayisi ye-throttle
①Idivayisi evamile yokudonsa
Ukuze kulinganiswe ukugeleza koketshezi oluvamile, izinsiza ezijwayelekile zokudonsa (amapuleti avamile orifice, imibhobho evamile) kufanele zisetshenziswe.Ukukhethwa kwedivayisi evamile yokudonsa kufanele kuthobelane nezinhlinzeko ze-GB2624-8l noma izinga lamazwe ngamazwe le-ISO 5167-1980.Uma kunemithethonqubo kazwelonke emisha, imithethonqubo emisha kufanele isetshenziswe.
②Idivayisi eshaya ngamandla engajwayelekile
Labo abahlangabezana nalezi zimo ezilandelayo bangakhetha i-Venturi tube:
Izilinganiso ezinembile ekulahlekelweni kwengcindezi ephansi ziyadingeka;
Indawo elinganisiwe igesi ehlanzekile noma uketshezi;
Ububanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi buphakathi kuka-100-800mm;
Ingcindezi yoketshezi ingaphakathi kwe-1.0MPa.
Uma lezi zimo ezilandelayo zihlangatshezwana nazo, ipuleti le-double orifice lingasetshenziswa:
Indawo elinganisiwe igesi ehlanzekile noketshezi;
Inombolo ye-Reynolds inkulu kuno-(ilingana no-) 3000 futhi ingaphansi (ilingana no)) 300000.
Labo abahlangabezana nemibandela elandelayo bangakhetha i-1/4 round nozzle:
Indawo elinganisiwe igesi ehlanzekile noketshezi;
Inombolo ye-Reynolds inkulu kunama-200 futhi ingaphansi kuka-100,000.
Uma izimo ezilandelayo zifinyelelwa, ipuleti lembobo eliyindilinga lingakhethwa:
Imithombo yezindaba engcolile (njengegesi yesithando somlilo esiqhumayo, udaka, njll.) engakhiqiza inzika ngaphambi nangemuva kwepuleti le-orifice;
Kumele ibe namapayipi avundlile noma atshekile.
③Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuthatha ingcindezi
Kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi yonke iphrojekthi kufanele isebenzise indlela yokuthatha ingcindezi ebumbene ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngokuvamile, indlela yokuxhuma ekhoneni noma ingcindezi ye-flange iyamukelwa.
Ngokwezimo zokusetshenziswa nezidingo zokulinganisa, ezinye izindlela zokuthatha ingcindezi njengokuthatha i-radial pressure zingasetshenziswa.
(2) Ukukhethwa kohlu lokucindezela okuhlukile kwe-transmitter yokucindezela okuhlukile
Ukukhethwa kobubanzi bengcindezi ehlukile kufanele kunqunywe ngokuya ngokubala.Ngokuvamile, kufanele kukhethwe ngokuya ngengcindezi ehlukene yokusebenza koketshezi:
Ingcindezi ephansi ehlukile: 6kPa, 10kPa;
Ingcindezi ephakathi nendawo ehlukile: 16kPa, 25kPa;
Ingcindezi ephezulu yokuhluka: 40kPa, 60kPa.
(3) Izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokulinganisa
Ngoketshezi olunamazinga okushisa amakhulu nokucindezela okukhulu, izinga lokushisa kanye nezinyathelo zesinxephezelo sokucindezela kufanele zicatshangelwe;
Uma ubude bengxenye yepayipi eqondile yepayipi bunganele noma ukugeleza okujikelezayo kukhiqizwa epayipini, izinyathelo zokulungisa uketshezi kufanele zicatshangelwe, futhi kukhethwe umlungisi we-diameter yepayipi ehambisanayo.
(4) I-flowmeter yokucindezela kohlobo olukhethekile
①I-flowmeter ye-Steam
Ngokugeleza kwesitimu esigcwele, lapho ukunemba okudingekayo kungaphezu kuka-2.5, futhi kubalwa endaweni noma kude, imitha yokugeleza kwesitimu ingasetshenziswa.
②I-flowmeter eyakhelwe ngaphakathi
Esilinganisweni sokugeleza okuncane koketshezi oluhlanzekile, isitimu negesi ngaphandle kwezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, lapho isilinganiso sobubanzi singesikhulu kuno-3:1, ukunemba kwesilinganiso singekho phezulu, nobubanzi bepayipi bungaphansi kuka-50mm, indawo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. i-orifice flowmeter ingakhethwa.Lapho ukala isitimu, izinga lokushisa lesitimu alikho ngaphezu kuka-120 ℃.
2. I-flowmeter yendawo
nini ukuya Lapho ukunemba kungaphezu kuka-1.5 futhi isilinganiso sobubanzi singeqi ku-10: 1, i-rotor flowmeter ingakhethwa.
(1) I-rotameter yengilazi
I-Glass rotor flowmeter ingasetshenziselwa inkomba yendawo yokugeleza okuncane nokuphakathi, izinga lokugeleza elincane, ingcindezi engaphansi kuka-1MPa, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-100°C, lihlanzekile futhi lisobala, elingenabuthi, elingashi futhi liyaqhuma, aligqwali futhi ukunganamatheli engilazini.
(2) Metal tube rotameter
①I-rotameter yeshubhu yensimbi evamile
Kulula ukuhwamuka, ukujiya kulula, kunobuthi, kuyavutha, kuyaqhuma, futhi akuqukethe izinto kazibuthe, amafayibha kanye nezinto ezigugulekayo, futhi ayigqwali kunsimbi engagqwali (1Crl8Ni9Ti) esilinganisweni sokugeleza okuncane nokumaphakathi koketshezi.Uma inkomba yendawo noma ukudluliswa kwesignali okukude kuyadingeka, i-Rotameter yeshubhu yensimbi Evamile ingasetshenziswa.
②I-rotameter yeshubhu yensimbi yohlobo olukhethekile
I-Rotameter ye-Metal Tube enejakhethi
Lapho i-medium elinganisiwe kulula ukuyicwebezela noma ukuhwamuka noma ine-viscosity ephezulu, i-rotameter yeshubhu yensimbi enejacket ingakhethwa.Indawo yokushisa noma yokupholisa idluliswa ngejazi.
I-Anti-corrosion metal tube rotameter
Ukulinganisa ukugeleza kwe-corrosion medium, i-anti-corrosion metal tube rotor flowmeter ingasetshenziswa.
(3) I-Rotameter
Ukufakwa okuqondile kuyadingeka, futhi ukuthambekela akukho ngaphezu kuka-5 °.Uketshezi kufanele lusuke phansi luye phezulu, indawo yokulufaka inganyakazisi kancane, kube lula ukubhekwa nokuyinakekela, futhi kufanele kuhlinzekwe amavalvu okuvala akhuphuka nomfula kanye nama-bypass.Ngemidiya engcolile, isihlungi kufanele sifakwe endaweni yokungena ye-flowmeter.
3. I-flowmeter yesivinini
(1) I-flowmeter eqondiwe
Ukuze uthole ukulinganisa kokugeleza kwe-liquid nge-viscosity ephezulu kanye nenani elincane lezinhlayiya eziqinile, lapho ukunemba kungaphezu kuka-1.5 futhi isilinganiso sobubanzi singekho ngaphezu kuka-3: 1, i-flowmeter ehlosiwe ingasetshenziswa.
Ama-flowmeters aqondiwe ngokuvamile afakwa kumapayipi avundlile.Ubude besigaba sepayipi eliqondile langaphambili buyi-15-40D, futhi ubude besigaba sepayipi eliqondile elingemuva yi-5D.
(2) I-Turbine flowmeter
Ukuze kulinganiswa ukugeleza kwegesi ehlanzekile noketshezi oluhlanzekile olune-kinematic viscosity engenkulu kune-5×10-6m2/s, i-flowmeter ye-turbine ingasetshenziswa uma kudingeka isilinganiso esinembe kakhudlwana futhi isilinganiso sobubanzi singesikhulu kuno-10:1.
I-flowmeter ye-turbine kufanele ifakwe epayipini elivundlile ukuze igcwalise lonke ipayipi ngoketshezi, futhi isethe amavalvu okumisa phezulu naphansi komfula kanye nama-bypass valves, kanye nesihlungi esikhuphuka nomfula kanye nevalve yokukhipha ezansi nomfula.
Ubude besigaba sepayipi eliqondile: umfula okhuphukayo awukho ngaphansi kuka-20D, futhi umfula ongezansi awukho ngaphansi kwe-5D.
(3) I-Vortex flowmeter (i-Kaman vortex flowmeter noma i-vortex flowmeter)
Ngokulinganisa kokugeleza okukhulu nokuphakathi kwegesi ehlanzekile, umusi kanye noketshezi, i-vortex flowmeter ingakhethwa.I-Vortex flowmeters akufanele isetshenziselwe ukukala uketshezi olunejubane eliphansi noketshezi olune-viscosity enkulu kuno-20×10-3pa·s.Lapho ukhetha, isivinini sepayipi kufanele sibhekwe.
I-flowmeter inezici zokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi encane nokufakwa kalula.
Izidingo zezigaba zamapayipi aqondile: umfula okhuphukayo ungu-15-40D (kuye ngokuthi izimo zamapayipi);lapho wengeza isilungisisi esikhuphukayo, umfula okhuphukayo awukho ngaphansi kuka-10D;umfula ongezansi okungenani ungu-5D.
(4) Imitha yamanzi
Izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi aqoqiwe esizeni, lapho isilinganiso sokujika singaphansi kuka-30:1, singasebenzisa imitha yamanzi.
Imitha yamanzi ifakwe epayipini elivundlile, futhi ubude bengxenye yepayipi eqondile kudingeka bungabi ngaphansi kuka-8D phezulu nomfula futhi bungabi ngaphansi kuka-5D ezansi nomfula.
<3> Ukukhethwa kwezinsimbi zokulinganisa ezibolayo, eziqhubayo noma zokugeleza ezinezinhlayiya eziqinile
1. I-electromagnetic flowmeter
Isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukugeleza kwe-liquid-solid-solid yezigaba ezimbili medium ene-conductivity enkulu kuno-10μS/cm.Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle nokumelana nokuguga, akukho ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi.Ingakwazi ukukala imidiya ehlukahlukene njenge-asidi eqinile, i-alkali enamandla, usawoti, amanzi e-ammonia, udaka, i-ore pulp kanye ne-pulp yephepha.
Indlela yokufaka ingaba mpo, enezingqimba noma ethambekele.Lapho ufaka mpo, uketshezi kufanele lusuke phansi luye phezulu.Ukuze uthole imidiya yezigaba ezimbili eziwuketshezi, kungcono kakhulu ukuyifaka ngokuqondile.
Uma ifakwe kwipayipi enezingqimba, uketshezi kufanele lugcwaliswe ngesigaba sepayipi, futhi ama-electrodes we-transmitter kufanele abe endizeni efanayo enezingqimba;ubude besigaba sepayipi eliqondile kufanele bungabi ngaphansi kuka-5-10D phezulu nomfula futhi bungabi ngaphansi kuka-3-5D phansi komfula noma kungabikho imfuneko (umkhiqizi ohlukile, izidingo ezihlukene).
Isidlulisi akumele sifakwe ezindaweni lapho amandla kazibuthe angaphezu kuka-398A/m.
2. Idivayisi engajwayelekile ephushayo bheka ngenhla
1. I-Volumetric flowmeter
(1) I-oval gear flowmeter
Uketshezi oluhlanzekile, olunama-viscosity aphezulu ludinga ukulinganiswa kokugeleza okunembe kakhudlwana.Uma isilinganiso sobubanzi singaphansi kuka-10:1, i-oval gear flowmeter ingasetshenziswa.
I-oval gear flowmeter kufanele ifakwe epayipini elivundlile, futhi indawo yokudayela inkomba kufanele ibe endizeni eqondile;ama-valve okuvala akhuphuka nomfula kanye nama-bypass valve kufanele anikezwe.Isihlungi kufanele sifakwe phezulu komfula.
Ukugeleza okuncane, i-micro oval gear flowmeter ingasetshenziswa.
Lapho ukala zonke izinhlobo zemidiya egasified kalula, isinqamuli somoya kufanele sengezwe.
(2) I-flowmeter ye-Waistwheel
Ngegesi ehlanzekile noma uketshezi, ikakhulukazi uwoyela wokugcoba, isilinganiso sokugeleza esidinga ukunemba okuphezulu, i-flowmeter yesondo okhalweni iyakhethwa.
I-flowmeter kufanele ifakwe ivundlile, ibe nepayipi le-bypass kanye nesihlungi esifakwe ekugcineni kokungena.
(3) I-scraper flowmeter
Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kokugeleza kwe-liquid kumapayipi avaliwe, ukulinganisa okunembile ikakhulukazi kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamafutha, i-scraper flowmeter ingakhethwa.
Ukufakwa kwe-flowmeter ye-scraper kufanele kugcwalise ipayipi ngoketshezi, futhi kufanele ifakwe ivundlile ukuze inombolo yekhawunta ibe ohlangothini oluqondile.
Lapho kulinganiswa imikhiqizo kawoyela ehlukahlukene futhi kudinga ukulinganiswa okunembile, kufanele kwengezwe isicoci somoya.
2. I-flowmeter eqondiwe
Ukuze uthole ukulinganisa kokugeleza kwe-liquid nge-viscosity ephezulu kanye nenani elincane lezinhlayiya eziqinile, lapho ukunemba kungaphezu kuka-1.5 futhi isilinganiso sobubanzi singekho ngaphezu kuka-3: 1, i-flowmeter ehlosiwe ingasetshenziswa.
Ama-flowmeters aqondiwe ngokuvamile afakwa kumapayipi avundlile.Ubude besigaba sepayipi eliqondile langaphambili buyi-15-40D, futhi ubude besigaba sepayipi eliqondile elingemuva yi-5D.
<5> Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okulinganisa ukugeleza okukhulu kobubanzi
Uma ububanzi bepayipi bukhulu, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi kunomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla.Ama-flowmeters ajwayelekile ayabiza.Uma ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi kukukhulu, amashubhu esivinini afana nomtshingo, imigwaqo ye-vortex exhunyiwe, ama-plug-in turbines, ama-flowmeters kagesi, amashubhu e-venturi, nama-flowmeters e-ultrasonic angakhethwa kuye ngesimo.
1, umtshingo iyunifomu velocity tube flowmeter
Ukuze uthole ukugeleza kokugeleza kwegesi ehlanzekile, isitimu, noketshezi oluhlanzekile olune-viscosity engaphansi kuka-0.3Pa · s, lapho ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi kudingeka kube kuncane, i-flute uniform velocity tube flowmeter ingakhethwa.
Ipayipi lejubane elifana nomtshingo lifakwe epayipini elivundlile, futhi ubude besigaba sepayipi esiqondile: umfula okhuphukayo awukho ngaphansi kuka-6-24D, futhi umfula ongezansi awukho ngaphansi kuka-3-4D.
2. Faka i-flowmeter ye-turbine, i-vortex flowmeter yokufaka, i-electromagnetic flowmeter, i-Venturi tube
Bona ngenhla.
<6> Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi amasha okulinganisa ukugeleza
1. Ultrasonic flowmeter
Ama-flowmeters e-Ultrasonic angasetshenziswa kuwo wonke uketshezi oluqhuba umsindo.Ngaphezu kwemidiya evamile, kumidiya esebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima njengokugqwala okuqinile, ukungaqhubeki, ukuvutha nokuqhuma, kanye ne-radioactivity, lapho ukulinganiswa kokuxhumana kungasetshenziswa, kungasetshenziswa.Imitha yokugeleza ye-ultrasonic.
2. Imitha yokugeleza okukhulu
Uma kudingekile ukulinganisa ngokuqondile nangokunembile ukugeleza kwenqwaba yoketshezi, amagesi aphakeme kakhulu kanye nama-slurries, amamitha okugeleza kwenqwaba angasetshenziswa.
Amamitha okugeleza kwenqwaba ahlinzeka ngedatha enembile nethembekile yokugeleza kwesisindo ngaphandle kwezinguquko kuzinga lokushisa loketshezi, ingcindezi, ukuminyana noma i-viscosity.
Amamitha okugeleza okukhulu angafakwa kunoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kokugijima kwamapayipi aqondile.
<7> Ukukhethwa kwempushana kanye nokuvimba amathuluzi okulinganisa ukugeleza okuqinile
1. Impulse flowmeter
Ukuze kulinganiswe ukugeleza kwezinhlayiya ze-powder eziwa mahhala kanye nama-block solids, lapho impahla idingeka ukuthi ivalwe futhi idluliselwe, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-flowmeter ye-impulse;i-flowmeter ye-impulse ifanele izinto ezihlukahlukene zenqwaba yanoma yimuphi usayizi wezinhlayiyana, futhi ingaba nenembile ngisho nasesimo sothuli oluningi Lukaliwe, kodwa isisindo sempahla eyinqwaba ngeke sibe sikhulu kuno-5% wesisindo sokushaywa okunqunywe kusengaphambili. ipuleti.
Ukufakwa kwe-flowmeter ye-impulse kudinga ukuthi impahla kumele iqinisekiswe ukuthi izowa ngokukhululeka, futhi akukho mandla angaphandle okufanele asebenze entweni elinganisiwe.Kunezidingo ezithile ze-engeli yokufaka yepuleti lokubhoboza, i-engeli nobude phakathi kwembobo yokuphakela kanye nepuleti lokubhoboza, futhi ibe nobudlelwano obuthile nokukhetha kobubanzi.Kufanele ibalwe ngaphambi kokukhetha.
2. Isikali sebhande le-elekthronikhi
Isilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-Solids sabahambisa amabhande, afakwe kuma-conveyors amabhande ngokusebenza okujwayelekile.Izidingo zokufakwa kohlaka lokukala ziqinile.Ukuma kohlaka lwesisindo ebhandeni kanye nebanga ukusuka embobeni engenalutho kuzothinta ukunemba kokulinganisa.Indawo yokufaka kufanele ikhethwe.
3. Isikali sethrekhi
Ukuze kukala okuzenzakalelayo okuqhubekayo kwezimoto ezithwala impahla zikaloliwe, kufanele kukhethwe izikali zethrekhi eziguqukayo.
Okwesihlanu, ukukhethwa kwethuluzi lezinga
<1> Izimiso ezijwayelekile
(1) Kudingeka ukuqonda ngokujulile izimo zenqubo, izakhiwo zendlela elinganisiwe, kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokulawula ukulinganisa ukuze kuhlolwe ngokugcwele ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe kanye nemiphumela yezomnotho yethuluzi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile, ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi andise izinzuzo zomnotho.ukudlala indima efanele.
(2) Amathuluzi ohlobo lwengcindezi ehlukile, amathuluzi ohlobo lokuntanta namathuluzi ohlobo lokuntanta kufanele asetshenziselwe ileveli yoketshezi kanye nesilinganiso sokubonwa.Uma izidingo zingafinyelelwa, i-capacitive, resistive (ukuxhumana nogesi), nezinsimbi ze-sonic zingasetshenziswa.
Isilinganiso sendawo yezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele sikhethwe ngokuya ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana zento, i-engeli yokuphumula kwezinto, ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kwempahla, ukwakheka kwesisele kanye nezidingo zokulinganisa.
(3) Isakhiwo kanye nempahla yensimbi kufanele kukhethwe ngokuya nezici zendlela elinganisiwe.Izici eziyinhloko okufanele zicatshangelwe ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, ukugqwala, ukuqhutshwa kukagesi;noma ngabe kukhona izenzakalo ezifana ne-polymerization, i-viscosity, imvula, i-crystallization, i-conjunctiva, i-gasification, igwebu, njll;ukuminyana nokuguquguquka kokuqina;inani lezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe oketshezini;Izinga lokuphazamiseka kwendawo kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana zezinto eziqinile.
(4) Imodi yokubonisa kanye nomsebenzi wethuluzi kuzonqunywa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokusebenza kwenqubo kanye nokwakheka kohlelo.Uma ukudluliswa kwesignali kudingekile, amathuluzi anomsebenzi wokukhipha isignali ye-analogi noma umsebenzi ophumayo wesiginali yedijithali angakhethwa.
(5) Ububanzi bokulinganisa bethuluzi kufanele bunqunywe ngokuya ngobubanzi bangempela bokuboniswa noma ububanzi bangempela bokwehluka kwento yokucubungula.Ukwengeza imitha yezinga lokulinganisa ivolumu, izinga elivamile kufanele ngokuvamile libe ngu-50% webanga lamamitha.
(6) Ukunemba kwethuluzi kufanele kukhethwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zenqubo, kodwa izinga lensimbi yezinga elisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ivolumu kufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-0.5.
(7) Amathuluzi ezinga likagesi asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi eziqhumayo njengegesi evuthayo, isitimu nothuli oluvuthayo.Uhlobo olufanele lwesakhiwo esivikela ukuqhuma kufanele kukhethwe noma ezinye izinyathelo zokuvikela kufanele zithathwe ngokuya ngesigaba sendawo eyingozi enqunyiwe kanye nezinga lengozi lendawo elinganisiwe.
(8) Ngamathuluzi eleveli ye-elekthronikhi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezifana namagesi abolayo nezintuli eziyingozi, uhlobo olufanele lokuvikela indawo ebiyelwe kufanele lukhethwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo zokusetshenziswa.
<2> Ukukhethwa kwezinga le-liquid nezinsimbi zokulinganisa isixhumi esibonakalayo
1. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ingcindezi ehlukile
(1) Ngesilinganiso esiqhubekayo sezinga loketshezi, ithuluzi lokucindezela elihlukanisayo kufanele likhethwe.
Ukuze kulinganiswe isixhumi esibonakalayo, ithuluzi lokucindezela elihlukile lingakhethwa, kodwa liyadingeka ukuthi ileveli ephelele yoketshezi kufanele ihlale ingaphezulu kunembobo yokucindezela ephezulu.
(2) Ngezidingo eziphezulu zokunemba kokulinganisa, isistimu yokulinganisa idinga ukusebenza okunembe kakhudlwana, futhi lapho ithuluzi le-analogi elivamile linzima ukulifinyelela, ithuluzi lokudlulisa elihlakaniphile elihlukanisayo lingakhethwa, futhi ukunemba kwalo kungaphezu kuka-0.2.
(3) Uma ukuminyana koketshezi kushintsha kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, akufanelekile ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokucindezela elihlukanisayo.
(4) Amathuluzi okucindezela okuhlukile kwe-flat flange kufanele asetshenziselwe uketshezi olubolayo, uketshezi oluyikristalu, uketshezi lwe-viscous, uketshezi oluhwamuka kalula, noketshezi oluqukethe izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe.
I-high-crystalline liquid, high-viscosity liquid, uketshezi lwe-gelatinous, noketshezi lwemvula kufanele kusebenzise ithuluzi lokucindezela le-plug-in flange.
Uma kunenani elikhulu le-condensate kanye ne-sediment ezingeni loketshezi le-medium elinganisiwe ngenhla, noma uma uketshezi olunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ludinga ukuhlukaniswa nomthumeli, noma lapho isisetshenziswa esilinganisiwe sidinga ukushintshwa, ikhanda lokulinganisa lidinga ukushintshwa. hlanjululwa ngokuqinile, uhlobo lwe-flange oluphindwe kabili lungakhethwa.Igeji yengcindezi ehlukile.
(5) Uma kunzima ukukala izinga loketshezi loketshezi olubolayo, uketshezi lwe-viscous, uketshezi oluyikristalu, uketshezi oluncibilikisiwe noketshezi oluncibilikayo ngensimbi ehlukanisayo ene-flanged, indlela yokufutha umoya noma uketshezi olushaywayo ingasetshenziswa, ngokuhambisana nokwejwayelekile. Igeyiji yokucindezela, ithuluzi lokudlulisa umfutho noma ithuluzi lokudlulisa umfutho ohlukile ukuze likalwe.
(6) Ezingeni lokushisa elizungezile, isigaba segesi singajiya, isigaba soketshezi singahwamuka, noma isigaba segesi singase sibe nokuhlukana koketshezi, lapho kunzima ukusebenzisa insimbi yokucindezela ehlukene ene-flanged kanye nethuluzi lokucindezela elivamile elisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa. , kufanele kunqunywe ngokuvumelana nesimo esithile.Misa ama-isolators, izihlukanisi, izishibhisi, imikhumbi yebhalansi nezinye izingxenye, noma ukushisa futhi ulandele ipayipi lokulinganisa.
(7) Lapho kulinganiswa izinga loketshezi lwesigubhu sikabhayela ngensimbi yokucindezela okuhlukile, isiqukathi sebhalansi esinegumbi eliphindwe kabili esinxephezelwa izinga lokushisa kufanele sisetshenziswe.
(8) Ukufuduka okuhle nokubi kwamathuluzi okucindezela okuhlukile kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa ububanzi bensimbi.
2. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa i-Buoy
(1) Ngesilinganiso esiqhubekayo sezinga loketshezi ngaphakathi kwebanga lokulinganisa lika-2000mm kanye nokuminyana okuqondile kuka-0.5 kuya ku-1.5, kanye nesilinganiso esiqhubekayo sokusebenzelana koketshezi nebanga lokulinganisa elingaphakathi kuka-1200mm kanye nomehluko othile wokuminyana ka-0.1 kuya ku-0.5 , insimbi yohlobo lwe-buoy kufanele isetshenziswe.
Ezintweni zevacuum noketshezi okulula ukuhwamuka, amathuluzi ohlobo lwe-float kufanele asetshenziswe.
Izinsimbi zohlobo lwe-pneumatic float kufanele zisetshenziselwe inkomba yezinga loketshezi esizeni noma ukulungisa.
Amamitha okuthutha kumele asetshenziselwe ukuhlanza uketshezi.
(2) Khetha ithuluzi lohlobo lwe-buoy.Uma isidingo sokunemba siphezulu futhi isignali idinga ukudluliselwa okukude, uhlobo lwebhalansi yamandla kufanele lukhethwe;lapho imfuneko yokunemba ingekho phezulu futhi inkomba yendawo noma ukulungiswa kuyadingeka, uhlobo lwebhalansi yokususa lungakhethwa.
(3) Ngesilinganiso sezinga loketshezi lamathangi okugcina avulekile kanye namathangi okugcina uketshezi avulekile, i-buoy yangaphakathi kufanele ikhethwe;ezintweni eziwuketshezi ezingacwebezeli futhi ezingenazo i-viscous ezingeni lokushisa lokusebenza, kodwa ezingacwebezela noma zinamathele kumazinga okushisa azungezile, kufanele kusetshenziswe nama-buoy angaphakathi.Emishinini yokucubungula engavunyelwe ukuthi ime, akufanele kusetshenziswe i-buoy yangaphakathi, kodwa kufanele kusetshenziswe i-buoy yangaphandle.Ezintweni eziwuketshezi ezine-viscous, icrystalline noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinto ezintantayo zangaphandle akufanele zisetshenziswe.
(4) Uma insimbi ye-buoy yangaphakathi inokuphazamiseka okukhulu koketshezi esitsheni, ikesi ezinzile ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kufanele kufakwe.
(5) Imitha ye-displacer kagesi isetshenziselwa izikhathi lapho ileveli yoketshezi ekalilwayo iguquguquka njalo, futhi isignali yokuphumayo kufanele imanziswe.
3. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa lokuntanta
(1) Ukuze uthole isilinganiso esiqhubekayo nesilinganiso sevolumu yezinga loketshezi lokuhlanza lamathangi amakhulu okugcina, kanye nesilinganiso sokuma kweleveli yoketshezi kanye nokuxhumanisa uketshezi oluhlukahlukene lokuhlanza ithangi lesitoreji, amathuluzi ohlobo lokuntanta kufanele kukhethwe.
(2) Uketshezi olungcolile noketshezi oluqandiswe ezingeni lokushisa elizungezile akufanele kusetshenziswe nezinsimbi zohlobo lwe-float.Ngokulinganisa okuqhubekayo kanye nesilinganiso samaphuzu amaningi oketshezi lwe-viscous, futhi akufanelekile ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lohlobo lokuntanta.
(3) Uma ithuluzi lokulinganisa uhlobo lokuntanta lisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa isixhumi esibonakalayo, ukuminyana okuthile koketshezi olubili kufanele kuhlale njalo, futhi umehluko othile wokuminyana akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-0.2.
(4) Uma ithuluzi lezinga loketshezi lohlobo lokuntanta langaphakathi lisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izinga loketshezi emathangeni amakhulu okugcina, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhukhuleka okuntantayo, kufanele kuhlinzekwe izinsiza zokuqondisa;ukuze kuvikelwe ukuthi i-float ingathinteki ukuphazamiseka kwezinga le-liquid, i-casing ezinzile kufanele ifakwe.
(5) Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwezinga loketshezi noma umthamo woketshezi emathangeni amakhulu okugcina.Emathangeni okugcina owodwa noma amathange amaningi okugcina adinga ukunemba kwesilinganiso esiphezulu, amamitha eleveli yamanzi aqondiswa ukukhanya kufanele asetshenziswe;amathangi esitoreji esisodwa anezidingo zokunemba kokulinganisa okuvamile, insimbi Enegeji yeleveli yokuntanta.Kumathange okugcina owodwa noma amathange amaningi okugcina adinga ukunemba okuphezulu okuqhubekayo kwezinga loketshezi, isixhumi esibonakalayo, ivolumu nesisindo, isistimu yokulinganisa ithangi lesitoreji kufanele ikhethwe.
(6) Isilinganiso samaphuzu amaningi weleveli yoketshezi emathangeni okugcina avulekile kanye namathangi okugcina uketshezi avulekile, kanye nesilinganiso samaphuzu amaningi soketshezi olubolayo, olunobuthi nolunye oluyingozi, kufanele kusetshenziswe izikali zezinga loketshezi lohlobo lwe-magnetic float.
(7) Ngesilinganiso sezinga loketshezi lwe-viscous, isilawuli sezinga lokuntanta lohlobo lwe-lever kufanele sisetshenziswe.
4. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa elinamandla
(1) Ukuze kube nesilinganiso esiqhubekayo kanye nesilinganiso sezinga loketshezi olubolayo, uketshezi oludonsayo kanye neminye imidiya yenqubo yamakhemikhali, amamitha eleveli ye-capacitive liquid kufanele kukhethwe.
Uma isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa isixhumi esibonakalayo, izakhiwo zikagesi zoketshezi olubili kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizo.
(2) Imodeli ethile, uhlobo lwesakhiwo se-electrode, nezinto ze-electrode zemitha yezinga loketshezi lwe-capacitance kufanele kunqunywe ngokuya ngezakhiwo zikagesi zento elinganisiwe, into yesiqukathi nezinye izici.
(3) Oketshezini olungenayo i-viscous non-conductive, ama-electrode e-shaft-sleeve angasetshenziswa;oketshezini olungenayo i-viscous conductive, ama-electrode ohlobo lwemikhono angasetshenziswa;uketshezi lwe-viscous non-conductive, ama-electrode angenalutho angasetshenziswa, indawo ye-electrode kufanele ikhethe into enobungane obuphansi noketshezi okufanele luhlolwe noma luthathe izinyathelo zokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo.
(4) Igeji yeleveli yomthamo ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwezinga le-viscous conductive liquid.
(5) Amathuluzi okulinganisa anamandla asengozini yokuphazanyiswa nguzibuthe, futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe izintambo ezivikelwe, noma kufanele kuthathwe ezinye izinyathelo zokuthikamezeka ezimelene nozibuthe.
(6) Amageji ezinga le-capacitance liquid asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa indawo kufanele afakwe avundlile;I-capacitance liquid level metres esetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kufanele ifakwe ngokuqondile.
5. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa elingazweli (ukuxhumana nogesi).
(1) Ngesilinganiso seleveli yoketshezi lwe-corrosive conductive, kanye nesilinganiso esibonakalayo soketshezi lwe-conductive noketshezi olungaqhubeki, amamitha okusebenzisa ukumelana (okuthinta ugesi).
(2) Ngoketshezi lwe-conductive olungcolisa kalula ama-electrode kanye ne-electrolysis ye-process medium phakathi kwama-electrode, uhlobo lokumelana (uhlobo lokuthinta ugesi) amamitha ngokuvamile awafaneleki.Oketshezini olungaqhubeki futhi olulula ukunamathela kuma-electrode, amamitha aphikisayo (ukuxhumana nogesi) akufanele asetshenziswe.
6. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ingcindezi engaguquki
(1) Ukuze kulinganiswe ngokuqhubekayo izinga loketshezi lwamachibi okuphakela amanzi, imithombo namadamu anokujula okungama-5m kuya ku-100m, amathuluzi okucindezela okumile kufanele kukhethwe.
Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwezinga le-liquid emikhunjini engacindezelwanga, izinsimbi ze-hydrostatic zingakhethwa.
(2) Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, lapho ukuminyana koketshezi kushintsha kakhulu, akufanelekile ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokucindezela elimile.
7. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa le-Sonic
(1) Ukuze uthole isilinganiso esiqhubekayo nesilinganiso seleveli yoketshezi olubolayo, uketshezi olubonakalayo oluphezulu, uketshezi olunobuthi namanye amazinga oketshezi okunzima ukuwakala ngezisetshenziswa zeleveli evamile, amathuluzi okulinganisa ohlobo lwamagagasi e-acoustic kufanele asetshenziswe.
(2) Imodeli ethile kanye nesakhiwo sensimbi ye-sonic kufanele kunqunywe ngokuvumelana nezici zendlela elinganisiwe nezinye izici.
(3) Amathuluzi e-Sonic kufanele asetshenziselwe ukulinganisa izinga loketshezi ezitsheni ezingabonisa futhi zidlulise amagagasi omsindo, futhi ezingeke zisetshenziswe ezitsheni ze-vacuum.Alufanele uketshezi oluqukethe amabhamuza noketshezi oluqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile.
(4) Izinsimbi ze-acoustic akufanele zisetshenziselwe iziqukathi ezinezithiyo zangaphakathi ezithinta ukusakazwa kwamagagasi omsindo.
(5) Ngethuluzi lamagagasi e-acoustic elikala ngokuqhubekayo izinga loketshezi, uma izinga lokushisa nokwakheka koketshezi oluzokalwa kushintsha kakhulu, isinxephezelo soshintsho lwesivinini sokusakaza kwegagasi le-acoustic kufanele sicatshangelwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwesilinganiso.
(6) Ikhebula eliphakathi komtshina nesiguquli kufanele livikelwe, noma izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kukazibuthe kagesi kufanele zicatshangelwe.
8. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa i-microwave
(1) Ukuze kulinganiswe ngokuqhubekayo izinga loketshezi loketshezi olubolayo, uketshezi olunamehlo aphezulu noketshezi olunobuthi emathangeni amakhulu anophahla olungaguquki kanye namathangi anophahla oluntantayo okunzima ukuwakala ngokunemba okuphezulu ngamathuluzi ajwayelekile weleveli yoketshezi, amathuluzi okulinganisa ama-microwave. kufanele isetshenziswe.
Indlela yokulinganisa yensimbi yokulinganisa ye-microwave isebenzisa ukuskena okuqhubekayo kwe-microwave ebangeni elithile lefrikhwensi.Lapho ibanga eliphakathi kwezinga le-liquid kanye nothi lishintsha, kwenziwa umehluko wemvamisa phakathi kwesignali yokuzwa kanye nesignali ebonisiwe, futhi umehluko wemvamisa uhlobene nebanga phakathi kwezinga loketshezi kanye nothi.Ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke umehluko wemvamisa yokulinganisa ungaguqulwa ukuze kutholwe ileveli yoketshezi.
(2) Isakhiwo kanye nokokusebenza kothi kufanele kunqunywe ngokwezimpawu zendlela elinganisiwe, ingcindezi ethangini lokugcina nezinye izici.
(3) Kumathange okugcina anezithiyo zangaphakathi ezithinta ukusakazwa kwe-microwave, amathuluzi we-microwave akufanele asetshenziswe.
(4) Uma ukuminyana komhwamuko wamanzi kanye nomhwamuko we-hydrocarbon ethangini kunoshintsho olukhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, isinxephezelo sokushintsha isivinini sokusakazeka kwe-microwave kufanele kucatshangelwe;ngezinga le-liquid elibilayo noma eliphazamisekile, ukunciphisa ububanzi kufanele kucatshangelwe.Ipayipi elimile lophondo nezinye izinyathelo zokunxephezela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokulinganisa.
9. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa imisebe yenuzi
(1) Ngesilinganiso esiqhubekayo esingathinteki kanye nesilinganiso sezinga lezinga loketshezi lokushisa eliphezulu, umfutho ophezulu, i-viscosity ephezulu, ukugqwala okuqinile, imidiya eqhumayo kanye nobuthi, lapho kunzima ukusebenzisa ezinye izinsimbi zeleveli yoketshezi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulinganisa. , ithuluzi lohlobo lwemisebe yenuzi lingakhethwa..
(2) Amandla omthombo wemisebe kufanele akhethwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokulinganisa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemva kokuba imisebe idlula entweni elinganisiwe, umthamo wemisebe endaweni yokusebenza kufanele ube mncane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi izinga lomthamo wokuphepha kufanele lihambisane “neMithetho Yokuvikela Imisebe” yamanje (GB8703-88).), ngaphandle kwalokho, izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifana nokuvikela ukuzihlukanisa kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokugcwele.
(3) Uhlobo lomthombo wemisebe kufanele lukhethwe ngokwezidingo zokulinganisa kanye nezici zento elinganisiwe, njengokuminyana kwendawo elinganisiwe, ukuma kwejiyomethri yesiqukathi, into kanye nobugqinsi bodonga.Lapho amandla omthombo wemisebe edingeka ukuba abe mancane, i-radium (Re) ingasetshenziswa;lapho amandla omthombo wemisebe edingeka ukuthi abe mkhulu, i-cesium 137 (Csl37) ingasetshenziswa;lapho isitsha esinezindonga eziwugqinsi sidinga ikhono eliqinile lokungena, i-cobalt 60 (Co60).
(4) Ukuze kugwenywe iphutha lokulinganisa elibangelwe ukubola komthombo wemisebe, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokusebenza nokunciphisa inani lokulinganiswa, ithuluzi lokulinganisa kufanele likwazi ukunxephezela ukubola.
10. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa i-laser
(1) Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwezinga loketshezi leziqukathi ezinezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma izithiyo zemishini, neziqukathi okunzima ukuzifaka ngokwezindlela ezivamile, amathuluzi okulinganisa ama-laser kufanele akhethwe.
(2) Ngoketshezi olubonisa ngale ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokubonisa, amathuluzi okulinganisa ama-laser awakwazi ukusetshenziswa.
1. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa elinamandla
(1) Okwezinto ezibonakalayo eziyimbudumbudu kanye nezinto eziyimpuphu neziyimbudumbudu, njengamalahle, ipulasitiki monoma, umanyolo, isihlabathi, njll., ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo nokukalwa kwendawo, amathuluzi okulinganisa anamandla kufanele asetshenziswe.
(2) Ikhebula elinwetshiwe lomtshina kufanele libe ikhebula elivikelekile, noma izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kukazibuthe kagesi kufanele zicatshangelwe.
2. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa le-Sonic
(1) Ngesilinganiso sezinga lendawo yempahla eyimbudumbudu enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaphansi kuka-10mm eziseleni nasezinsikeni ezingenakho ukudlidliza noma ukudlidliza okuncane, imitha yezinga lemfoloko yokulungisa ingakhethwa.
(2) Ngesilinganiso sezinga lempushana nezinto eziyimbudumbudu ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaphansi kuka-5mm, kufanele kusetshenziswe imitha yezinga le-ultrasonic elivimba umsindo.
(3) Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo nokulinganisa izinga lezinto ze-micropowder, kufanele kusetshenziswe ama-gauge ezinga le-ultrasonic elikhanyayo.I-refleive ultrasonic level gauge ayifanele ukukalwa kwezinga lemigqomo nama-hopper agcwele uthuli, noma ukulinganisa izinga elinezindawo ezingalingani.
3. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa elingazweli (ukuxhumana nogesi).
(1) Okwezinto eziyimbudumbudu neziyimpuphu ezinogesi omuhle noma ongemuhle, kodwa eziqukethe umswakama, njengamalahle, i-coke nezinye izikali zezinga eliphezulu, amathuluzi okulinganisa ukumelana angasetshenziswa.
(2) Inani lokumelana ne-electrode-to-ground elishiwo umkhiqizo kufanele lihlangatshezwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuzwela kwesilinganiso.
4. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa i-microwave
(1) Ukuze uthole isilinganiso sezinga kanye nesilinganiso esiqhubekayo sebhulokhi kanye nezinto eziyimbudumbudu ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukunamathela okuphezulu, ukugqwala okuphezulu kanye nobuthi obuphezulu, amathuluzi okulinganisa ama-microwave kufanele asetshenziswe.
(2) Ayifanele ukulinganisa izinga nendawo engalingani.
5. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa imisebe yenuzi
(1) Ngesilinganiso sezinga kanye nesilinganiso esiqhubekayo senqwaba, imbudumbudu kanye nempushana-impushana impahla enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukucindezela okukhulu, ukunamathela okuphezulu, ukugqwala okuphezulu kanye nobuthi obuphezulu, amathuluzi okulinganisa imisebe yenuzi angakhethwa.
(2) Ezinye izidingo zizohambisana nezinhlinzeko ezishiwo ngenhla.
6. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa i-laser
(1) Eziqukathi ezinezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma izithiyo zemishini, kanye nokukalwa okuqhubekayo kobuso beziqukathi okunzima ukuzifaka ngezindlela ezivamile, amathuluzi okulinganisa ama-laser kufanele asetshenziswe.
(2) Ngezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokubonisa, izinsimbi zokulinganisa laser azikwazi ukusetshenziswa.
7. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa eliphikisana nokujikeleza
(1) Kuma-silo nama-hopper anokucindezela okuphansi futhi okungenayo ingcindezi evunguzayo, ukuze kulinganiswe indawo yezinto ze-granular nezimpushana ezinobukhulu obuthile obungaphezu kuka-0.2, ithuluzi lokulinganisa elizungezayo lingasetshenziswa.
(2) Ubukhulu be-rotor kufanele bukhethwe ngokuvumelana nobukhulu obuthile bezinto ezibonakalayo.
(3) Ukuze ugweme ukungasebenzi kahle kwensimbi okubangelwa into eshaya i-rotor, ipuleti elivikelayo kufanele libekwe ngaphezu kwe-rotor.
8. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa i-diaphragm
(1) Ngesilinganiso sokuma sezinto eziyimbudumbudu noma eziyimpushana kuma-silo nama-hopper, amathuluzi okulinganisa ama-diaphragm angakhethwa.
(2) Njengoba isenzo se-diaphragm sithinteka kalula ngokunamathela kwezinhlayiya kanye nomthelela wokucindezela kokugeleza kwezinhlayiya, angeke isetshenziswe ekusetshenzisweni okunezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu.
9. Insimbi yokulinganisa isando esindayo
(1) Ezinqolobaneni ezinkulu, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla eziyinqwaba, kanye neziqukathi ezingacindezeli ezivulekile noma ezivaliwe ezinobude bezinga lempahla enkulu kanye nobubanzi obuhlukahlukene, ingaphezulu lempahla yenqwaba, imbudumbudu kanye nezinto eziyimpushana eziyimpushana ezinokunamathela okuncane kufanele kukalwe ngokuqhubekayo izikhawu ezivamile.Sebenzisa insimbi yokulinganisa isando esinzima.
(2) Ifomu lesando esindayo kufanele likhethwe ngokuya ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana, umswakama owomile nezinye izici zezinto.
(3) Ngesilinganiso seleveli yempahla yemigqomo neziqukathi ezinothuli olukhulu olusakazwayo, ithuluzi lokulinganisa lesando esinzima esinomshini ophephetha umoya kufanele sisetshenziswe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-21-2022